基于座椅支撑调节的人体脊椎振动损伤保护方法研究

Vehicle vibration may induce human spine damage and various spinal diseases, which has attracted worldwide attention. In this study, the nonlinear finite element method is used to investigate the influence of vibration on human spine and the effect of vehicle seat on human spine to seek the protection method of vibration injury of human spine, and by which it can be provided a guideline for the structural and functional design of new vehicle seats. The study includes (1) nonlinear fintie element analysis of human spine considering the vechile vibration loads, different flexual postures of human lumbar spine and the support action of seat backrest; (2) the synergetic design of vehicle seat structure and function considering spine vibration protection and ride comfort; (3) the control system design of the seat and its waist support mechanisem based on the physiologic characteristics; (4) the experiment test evaluation of seat vibration and the validation of the system validity, etc. According to the human physiology, the biomechanic behaviours of the soft tissues of human lumbar spine motion segments will be analyzed under vehicle vibration environment to seek the vibration protection method of human spine based on seat support function. The findings in this study are helpful to understand the dynamic motion characterisitcs of human spine, provide the vibration prevention approaches of human spine, and provide theoretical reference for the development of new anti-vibratoin safety vehicle seats. The relevant results have a promising application prospect and can be applied in some vehicle seats of tanks, helicopters, construction machines, etc.

车辆振动对人体脊椎损伤和导致的各种脊椎类疾病已引起国内外的重视。本研究利用非线性动态有限元方法研究振动环境对人体脊椎的影响及座椅对人体脊椎的作用关系，探寻人体脊椎振动损伤的保护方法，并以此指导新型车辆座椅的结构和功能设计。研究包括考虑车辆振动载荷、人体腰椎不同弯曲姿态和座椅靠背支撑作用的非线性有限元动态分析；考虑脊椎振动保护与乘坐舒适性间的车辆座椅结构功能协同设计；基于人生理特征的座椅本体及腰部支撑机构控制系统设计；座椅振动实验测试评估及系统有效性的验证等。研究从人生理学角度分析在车辆振动环境下，人体腰椎各运动关节软组织的力学行为，寻找基于座椅支撑功能的人体脊椎振动保护方法。研究结果将有助于了解人体脊椎的动态运动特征，提供人体脊椎振动保护的防范措施，并为新型防振安全车辆座椅的研发提供理论基础。相关研究成果在坦克、直升飞机、工程机械等方面有较好的应用推广意义。

汽车是每个国家工业、农业、国防、民用最重要的交通工具。调查研究表明，车辆的振动问题仍是人体下腰疼痛发病率的一个不可忽略的原因。振动环境可以导致人体脊椎椎间盘的加速退化，并可能导致与长期振动相关联的各种脊椎类病症。课题研究成果对保护人体，减少振动对人体脊椎伤害有着重要的指导意义，同时可推广到军用车辆、直升飞机、工程机械等领域的车辆座椅设计中。. 本课题研究以探寻人体脊椎振动损伤的保护方法为目标，开展的研究内容主要包括如下：（1）建立了结构详细的人体脊椎T12-Pelvis三维非线性有限元模型；（2）建立了车辆座椅-人体全身的三维非线性有限元模型；（3）进行了车辆座椅对人体腰部脊椎姿态调节影响的振动实验研究；（4）提出了一种利用人体脊椎姿态调节、减轻人体脊椎振动损伤的人体保护方法；（5）研发了多种能够实现人体脊椎姿态调节的车辆座椅腰部支撑的结构装置。实验测试结果和有限元分析结果都表明：在车辆振动环境下，适量的座椅腰部支撑（支撑量为20mm附近）对振动环境中的腰部肌肉疲劳具有最佳的缓解作用。在车辆振动环境下，无座椅腰部支撑要优于过大的腰部支撑量（支撑量大于40mm）。. 在课题执行期间，相关研究成果在国内外学术杂志上发表论文21篇，SCI论文7篇（含录用2篇）、EI检索9篇。申请并授权的发明专利4项。在高等教育出版社出版专著1部。培养毕业博士和硕士研究生13人，目前已毕业10人。.