机场刚性道面结构动力行为感知、模拟与表达

The dynamic behavior and service life of airport rigid pavement are sensitive to fatigue stress level. The dynamic stress in the pavement are enhanced by heavy load and compound landing gears of the new generation large aircraft, as well as the action of landing gear vibrating caused by poor roughness of pavement. The dynamic behavior should be explored and expressed correctly to establish the advanced pavement structure design and evaluate method. However, the existing pavement structure design and evaluate method are based on statics, which will lead to unreasonable results when the structure is under the application of enhanced dynamic stress. This project will develop pavement structure responses detecting system without disturbing the schedule flights. The real responses of the pavement will be measured in the field by the detecting system at 4th runway of Pudong International Airport. In order to deliver the function of dynamic loads applying on the pavement, simulation models with high precision will be established using virtual prototype technology. Furthermore, pavement structure 3D finite element models considering slab joints and damping of subgrade will be developed, which will be calibrated by the field measured responses. Using these models, the dynamic behavior of rigid pavement structures will be explored for typical structures under various aircraft loading. Then the functions, normal charts, figures and their indexes expressing the dynamic behavior, which are used for pavement structure design, evaluation and residual life estimating, will be put forwarded. The theoretical achievements and data from this project will support to establish the new structure design and evaluation method for airport rigid pavement.

机场刚性道面的力学行为和使用寿命对疲劳应力水平十分敏感。新一代大型飞机的复杂起落架构型和荷载强化了对道面的动力作用，道面不平整度的激振效应增强了道面的动力响应，从而使现有基于静力学的刚性道面结构设计与评价方法面临挑战，其改进的基础则是对道面动力行为的准确掌握和科学表达。项目依托浦东国际机场四跑道工程，研发不停航条件下道面结构动力响应综合感知系统，现场感知不同条件下刚性道面真实的力学响应量。运用虚拟样机技术构建高精度飞机整机仿真模型，以提取作用于道面的动态荷载激励函数；进一步考虑道面接缝条件和地基阻尼特性，建立并利用现场感知数据验证刚性道面结构动力分析三维数值模型；系统模拟典型刚性道面结构对各种飞机作用的力学响应，揭示机场刚性道面结构动力行为的特征和规律。面向道面结构设计、评价与寿命预估，提出道面结构动力行为的多模态表达方式与参数。从而为构建刚性道面结构设计与评价新方法提供理论和数据。

飞机滑跑、降落、转弯和刹车过程中产生的地面动力荷载必然引发道面板的复杂应力状态，进而导致不同部位道面疲劳损伤的差异，而新一代大型飞机的高速跑滑特性和复杂操控状态进一步加剧了问题的复杂性。课题依托浦东国际机场四跑道工程，提出了机场刚性道面结构动力行为现场感知方法，构建了不停航条件下道面结构动力响应综合感知系统。利用现场感知数据，对弯沉测试荷载和飞机荷载作用下的道面结构响应规律进行了分析。此外，通过对轮迹偏移实测数据的统计分析，给出了飞机轮迹空间概率分布函数和参数。利用虚拟样机技术，借助ADAMS/aircraft建立了A320、A330和A380全机模型，并且利用虚拟试验台和Fortran子程序对飞机滑跑、降落、转弯和刹车4种运动状态进行了仿真分析和规律表达，明确了飞机地面动力荷载谱和动载系数。利用ABAQUS建立了机场刚性道面结构动力响应分析三维有限元模型，并利用现场原位测试数据对模型进行了验证。在此基础上，利用虚拟样机仿真结果和有限元模型对飞机地面运动状态效应、接缝传荷效应、多轮叠加效应进行了分析和表达。最后，利用有限元模型，构建了道面结构响应基础数据库并给出了多维差值算法，通过编程实现了道面结构响应影响面的构建，该影响面可广泛用于道面板应力响应谱及响应峰值的计算。课题共计发表论文7篇，申请发明专利1项，申请软件著作权1项，培养博士后1名，博士研究生2名，硕士研究生4名。