机场复合道面结构行为理论及其应用研究

Composite pavement is the primary structure of pavement overlay and new long-life pavement in airport for its excellent bearing capacity and performance. The traditional “Empirical” design method was limited in controlling the various failure patterns of composite pavement and it could not support the application of multiple tires, high tire pressure and high horizontal stress of large aircrafts. Thus, the “Mechanistic-Empirical” structure design method is becoming the developing trend, whose cores are structure behavior and its related theories of composite pavement. In this project, the multi-scale test methods for airport composite pavement will be developed including micro damage test, small- or medium-scale deformation and cracking test, full-scale structure responses test. A 3D finite element fine model will be established considering the coupling action between landing gear load and temperature, and the nonlinear characteristics of geometry, material and interface of composite pavement. It will be calibrated by the full-scale test data before applied. After multi-scale testing and numerical simulating, the spatial structure responses of composite pavement under the coupling action between landing gear load and temperature will be explored. Then series of functions will be presented to describe the instant and long-term behavior of composite pavement structure. On the basis of the structure behavior, a new “Mechanistic-Empirical” structure design method for airport composite pavement will be developed, which is based on pavement damage time-sharing cumulating theory. Thus the whole solution to simulating, expressing, forecasting and application of structure behavior of airport composite pavement will be put forward. It will give powerful support for a large amount of pavement overlay and new composite pavement construction in China.

机场复合道面兼具优秀的承载能力和功能性能，是跑道加铺的主流形式，也是长寿命道面的研发方向。传统“经验法”难以控制复合道面的多种损坏，无法适应大型飞机的多轮动态、高胎压、大水平力荷载作用，“力学—经验”设计法正成为研究热点和发展趋势，其核心是复合道面结构行为及其相关理论。本项目面向机场复合道面，研究包括微观损伤、中/小尺度变形与开裂、足尺结构响应的多尺度试验方法；考虑复合道面几何、材料和接触非线性以及大型飞机多轮动态荷载与温度的耦合作用，构建复合道面三维有限元精细模型，并实证校验；实施多尺度试验和精细化仿真，揭示飞机荷载与温度耦合作用下复合道面的空间结构响应规律，分析建立其结构行为的即时表达模型和演变方程；以此为基础，研究道面损伤非线性分时叠加原理，提出复合道面结构多指标“力学—经验”设计方法。从而解决复合道面结构行为模拟、解析、表达和预估等科学问题，并为大规模机场复合道面建设提供技术支持。

机场复合道面兼具优秀的承载能力和功能性能，是刚性跑道加铺改造的主流形式。为解决“经验法”存在的不足，推进复合道面“力学-经验法”的发展，急需研究复合道面结构行为及其相关理论。为此，本课题修建了复合道面足尺试验场，在国内首次开展了复合道面足尺加速加载试验，结合成都双流机场现场试验段，实测了复合道面在不同温度、不同层间粘结强度以及不同荷载级位下的结构响应，并揭示了复合道面的轮辙起因和发展规律。随后，基于足尺试验的实测数据建立和验证了复合道面三维有限元精细化模型，分析了飞机匀速滑行、减速制动、转弯、降落着陆等多运动状态下典型复合道面的结构空间响应规律。研制了复合道面反射裂缝试验仪，建立并验证了一套全新的反射裂缝试验方法。系统总结了复合道面的损坏模式，基于现场和数值仿真计算结果，建立了复合道面结构行为的即时表达模型，构建或标定了复合道面结构行为的演变方程。在此基础上，提出了复合道面结构设计多指标体系的指导原则，确定了复合道面“力学-经验法”的指标体系。最后，提出了复合道面结构损伤非线性分时叠加原理，建立了机场复合道面“力学-经验法”的设计流程。