膨胀型组装层修饰的金属掺杂TiO2纳米管的可控制备及其对环氧树脂的阻燃抑烟改性研究

Aiming to overcome the high flammability and the toxic gases and smoking yielding of epoxy resin during combustion process, firstly layer-by-layer assembled technology is used to design and prepare the intumescent-coating modified transition-metal-doped TiO2 nanotubes, in which the composition and the loading of the intumescent coating can be controlled through the factor of assembled process. Taking advantage of the excellent performance of functional TiO2 nanotubes in smoke suppression, synergistic flame retardancy and char catalyst, the epoxy resin/functional TiO2 nanotubes nanocomposites with excellent flame retardant and mechanical properties, low smoke releases are prepared. The effect of functional TiO2 nanotubes with different composition and structure on the thermal stability and flame retardant and smoke suppression properties is investigated. The relationship between the surface properties and the dispersion properties of the functionalized TiO2 nanotubes is also studied. The relationship between the material composition, structure and properties is discussed, and the mechanical strengthening mechanism is revealed. The factors such as the composition and the effects of functionalized TiO2 nanotubes on the thermal decomposition of the composites and the formation of flue gas during the combustion process and the morphology of the char formation after combustion are studied. The mechanism of smoke suppression and char catalyst was also illustrated, which provides the theoretical basis and experimental basis for preparing flame retardant epoxy resin nanocomposites with excellent mechanical properties.

本项目针对环氧树脂存在易燃、燃烧过程中会释放出大量有害烟气的缺点，首先采用层层自组装技术设计合成膨胀型组装层修饰的过渡金属掺杂TiO2纳米管，并通过改变组装的条件调控膨胀型组装层的组成和含量，利用此功能化TiO2纳米管优良的抑烟、阻燃协效性及催化成炭的性质，制备出具有优良的阻燃和力学性能、低烟气释放的环氧树脂/功能化TiO2纳米管纳米复合材料。通过研究不同组成结构的功能化TiO2纳米管对复合材料的热稳定性能、阻燃抑烟性能的影响，研究功能化TiO2纳米管的表面特性和分散状态对材料力学性能的影响，构建材料组成、结构与性能之间的关系，揭示其力学增强机理；研究材料组成、类型等因素对气相、凝聚相产物的影响，揭示阻燃机理；研究不同组成结构的功能化TiO2纳米管对复合材料热解、燃烧过程中烟气生成、燃烧后炭渣形貌的影响，阐明其抑烟及催化成炭机制。为制备力学性能优良的阻燃环氧树脂纳米复合材料提供理论依据和实验基础。

项目针对环氧树脂（EP）存在的易燃、燃烧过程中释放出大量有害烟气等缺点，采用层层自组装的方法设计合成膨胀型组装层或含磷硅组装层修饰的Ni掺杂的TiO2纳米管和Fe掺杂的TiO2纳米管（功能化TiO2 纳米管），采用共沉淀法制备Co3O4纳米颗粒功能化TiO2 纳米管并与有机改性的层状α-磷酸锆设计构成协效阻燃体系，利用上述功能化TiO2 纳米管或协效阻燃体系优良的抑烟、阻燃协效性及催化成炭的性质，制备具有优良的阻燃和低烟气释放的环氧树脂/功能化TiO2纳米管纳米复合材料。研究不同组成结构的功能化TiO2 纳米管对纳米复合材料的热稳定性能、阻燃性能、抑烟性能的影响，研究功能化TiO2 纳米管对材料力学性能的影响，阐明影响机制；研究不同组成结构的功能化TiO2 纳米管对复合材料热解、燃烧过程中烟气生成、燃烧后炭渣形貌的影响，阐明其抑烟及催化成炭机制。研究结果表明制备的功能化TiO2 纳米管明显提高了环氧树脂基体的阻燃抑烟性能和热稳定性能。