面向石油污染修复的吸附-生物降解一体式磁性固定材料的研究

Oil contamination has draw attention from the whole society with the rapid development of offshore oil exploitation and marine transportation. The difficulty of bioremediation on the Marine oil pollution can be overcome through immobilization technology, but there are some defects of immobilized materials now. In this proposal, serial polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) derivatives with high oil absorption capacity would be synthesized by the sol-gel reaction which possesses the advantages of moderate condition, simple operation and cost control. And then they were transformed into magnetic immobilized material which can be easily collected via a simply magnet by incorporation with magnetic particles. The absorption- biodegradation integrated immobilized bacteria can be obtained while PMSQ derivatives have been chosen as carrier. The model device would be established to simulate the situation of ocean and the degradation effect on petroleum hydrocarbon of immobilized bacteria would be analyzed with representative alkenes as index. The effects of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation and mechanism of action after immobilization would be explored, which provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the ecological restoration on oil spill accident and contamination of port area.

随着油田开采、交通运输等行业的迅猛发展，石油污染已经成为备受社会关注的热点问题。利用特定载体材料将石油降解菌进行处理---制备成固定化石油污染降解菌剂，可以克服现有生物修复技术中的局限与不足；本项目利用溶胶-凝胶法反应条件温和、操作简便、成本可控等优点，制备系列具有高吸油容量的聚倍半硅氧烷（PMSQ）；并复合磁性粒子得到便于后期富集回收的磁性固定化载体材料；采用吸附、包埋等方法得到吸收-生物降解一体化的磁性固定化降解菌群，选取代表性烷烃为指征物，建立模拟室内装置，分析固定化菌群的降解特征，探讨菌株微生物固定化后对石油烃降解效果影响及作用机理，为港口海域石油污染及海洋溢油事故的生态修复提供理论指导和技术支持。

随着油田开采、交通运输等行业的迅猛发展，油类污染已经成为备受社会关注的热点问题。相比传统的物理、化学处理方法，利用微生物降解的生物修复技术对生态系统影响小、没有二次污染、费用较低。但直接投加游离菌到污染水域导致浓度偏低，降解效率远低于实验室水平；以特定载体材料将石油降解菌进行处理---制备成固定化菌剂，可以克服现有生物修复技术中的局限与不足；本项目以当地港口油污海水及含油污泥为来源，经过筛选富集分离得到多株高效油类降解菌，利用Illumina HiSeq PE150平台进行样品高通量测序，分析了油类降解微生物的群落多样性、组成及优势菌落。研究了筛选菌株在不同条件下的降解性能，包括耐温性、耐盐性、初始油浓度、菌有效浓度等；以条件温和、操作简便的溶胶-凝胶法反应制备系列不同取代基、具有高吸油容量（对正己烷最大吸附倍率可达500~600%）的聚倍半硅氧烷(PMSQ)；对比吸附及包埋等方法后，以PMSQ为载体采用挤压吸附法制备固定化降解菌，实验结果表明固定菌继承了PMSQ材料的高吸油特性，24h可将处理体系中油去除率接近99%，而固定化菌内的油类物质经过7天处理后降解率达到90%；以原位生成法在载体中复合Fe3O4粒子得到便于后期富集回收的磁性固定化载体材料，经过静态吸附菌液得到吸收-生物降解一体化的磁性固定化降解菌，分析了磁性固定菌的降解性能；针对PMSQ材料高疏水表面造成降解菌群不易固定问题，引入亲水性FeY分子筛粒子，改进菌群附着能力，同时借助分子筛粒子为固定菌体系带来催化降解性能。本项目实施及相关结果为港口海域石油污染及海洋溢油事故的生态修复提供科学依据和技术支持。