基于生态化模拟的城市高层建筑综合体被动式设计体系研究

Urban high-rise building complex has the unique advantage of high density and high intensity, meawhile it is an object with enormous energy consumption because of the high artificial enviroment. The passive design system provides a developing path of low cost and high efficiency for the creating of an environmental friendly high-rise building complex with lower energy consumption , and it is also the leading direction of this topic.Based on the technology platform of simulating and testing of the eco-micro environment, this topic figures out the mechanism of interaction between high-rise building complex and environment,which includes the environmental impacts of wind, heat and light to the complex, and the adaptation mechanism of the complex in the aspects of cluster allocation, spatial morphosis and interfacial structure. Hence the topic constructs the passive design system, using typical passive design methods such as: integrating the evaluation of the micro environment at the early research stage, shaping the building cluster by interacting with the micro environment,the synergy of the micro environment with the composite functionality, the organising of the natural ventilation and lighting in the large depth space, the optimizing of the underground space by natural ventilation and lighting ,ect. At the same time,the topic discusses it's efficiency and adaptability in the typical regional climate environment. The topic depends on the leading edge of the architectural practices, and stresses the interdisciplinary action. On the background of the exploding development of urban high-rise building complex and the unilateral pursuit of high-technology integration, it will achieve an innovative and important research.

城市高层建筑综合体具有高密度、高集约的独特优势，也是高度人工化的巨大能耗体，被动式设计体系对于高层建筑综合体的节能降耗与环境舒适度营造，是最为低成本与高效能的发展路径，也是本课题的主要研究指向。课题基于生态化微环境模拟与试验测试为支撑的技术平台，梳理出高层建筑综合体与环境互动的主要机理，包括风、热、光等环境要素对高层建筑综合体的影响，以及高层建筑综合体在群体布局、空间形态与界面构造等方面的应变机理; 进而构建其被动式设计体系，提出结合前期的微环境模拟与评估、与微环境互动的建筑群体塑形、微环境与综合体复合功能的协同、自然通风采光与大进深空间组织、自然通风采光与地下空间优化等具有典型性的被动式设计方法;并对其在典型地域气候环境下的效能与适应性加以探讨。课题依托实践前沿，突出学科交叉, 在我国城市高层建筑综合体爆炸式发展与片面追求高技术集成的背景下，将提供具有创新意义的重要研究成果。

在众多能量消费者中，建筑是能量消耗的主体，也是全球变暖的直接责任者之一。建筑占全球能量消耗的30％～40％，并释放等量的二氧化碳。而在建筑领域中，高层建筑无论在建设过程中还是在使用过程中都是能量消耗的大户。然而高层建筑作为城市化的象征却有着其建设的必要性，它能满足城市对容量日益增长的需求。因此，对高层建筑可持续设计的研究成为重要课题。自20世纪以来，一些以可持续建筑为目标的节能技术（如太阳能光伏电板、双层通风玻璃幕墙、地源热泵等）已经得到长足发展，然而这些技术并未能很好解决高层建筑与技术的整合问题，大多孤立地附加在既有建筑的结构构件上。课题通过基于生态化微环境模拟与试验测试为支撑的技术平台，参考能量和热力学理论对知识体系的重新构建，以微环境模拟和环境应变机理为支撑，综合交叉学科，结合城市高层建筑综合体不同气候条件下的设计挑战，形成具有特定性的设计方法，并探讨其在实践中的实效性，并重新诠释设计的过程。