“最弱连接”假说在抑郁认知易感者筛选中的应用：来自多时段追踪与认知神经机制的新证据

Previous research has partially confirmed the effect of "weakest link" hypothesis in the study of cognitive vulnerability to depression, that is, This approach posits that when multiple vulnerability factors predict depression through a similar mediating pathway (e.g., negative cognitive style, dysfunctional attitudes, and self-criticism/dependency each increase the likelihood an individual will engage in negative thinking following negative events and thus develop depression), then an individual's most depressogenic vulnerability is the best marker of his/her true propensity for developing depression. Thus, when considering similar vulnerabilities, this approach predicts an individual is as vulnerable to depression as his/her most depressogenic vulnerability makes him/her. Within the framework of this theory, the weakest link hypothesis posits that an individual is as cognitively vulnerable to hopelessness depression as his or her most depressogenic inferential style makes him or her..This study based on the theory of cognitive vulnerability to depression, we choose people with Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (according to weakest link theory, All participants finished the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Cognitive Style Questionnaire, General Social and Academic Hassles Scale, Index of Well-Being, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire，Positive and Negative Affect Schedule，Responses to Stress Questionnaire at Time 1, and questionnaires assessing depression symptoms as well as stress level at each follow-up. Hierarchical Lineal Modeling (HLM) was used in data analysis. Using the methods of cognitive neuropsychology, functional magnetic resonance imaging, event-related potentials，Combination of fuzzy clustering analysis (FCA) and Multivariate autoregressive model and other complex mathematical statistics to explore the effects of "weakest link" hypothesis in Negative emotional information processing, as well as the complex space-time model. Try to get more scientific evidence of "weakest link" screening method from behavioral, cognitive mechanisms and other scientific methods

以往的研究已经部分证实了"最弱连接"假说在抑郁的认知易感性研究中的作用，即个体的各种消极认知因素并不是均衡的对抑郁发生起作用，而是由个体持有的强度最大的抑郁易感因素来决定-即个体"最易感"的因素。持有这种消极观念的个体与环境因素交互作用，影响抑郁的发生。本研究基于认知易感性的"最弱连接"假说，筛选大学生抑郁认知易感者为研究对象，采用多时段追踪设计，研究基于"最弱连接"筛选方法的抑郁认知易感者的抑郁/主观幸福感的发展模型；并以中国人面孔情绪测验为材料，整合认知神经心理学、功能性磁共振、事件相关电位等检测手段，结合模糊聚类分析(FCA)与多变量自回归模型（MAR）分析技术等复杂数理统计，探讨"最弱连接"假说在抑郁的认知易感者的负性情绪信息加工特征以及复杂时空模型构建，尝试从行为学，认知神经机制等方面获得更多的抑郁易感者"最弱连接"筛选方法科学性的证据。

以往研究建立了基于“最弱连接”假说的抑郁认知易感个体的筛选方法，并研究了该假说在解释抑郁的发生，发展中的作用，但是对于该假说筛选的抑郁认知易感者的负性情绪信息加工特征的脑机制仍不明了。本研究基于认知易感性的“最弱连接”假说，筛选大学生抑郁认知易感者为研究对象，采用多时段追踪设计，研究基于“最弱连接”筛选方法的抑郁认知易感者的抑郁的发展模型；并探讨抑郁的认知易感个体的负性情绪信息加工特征以及复杂时空模型构建，尝试从行为学，认知神经机制等方面获得更多的抑郁易感者“最弱连接”筛选方法科学性的证据。结果显示：（1）“最弱连接”假说在中国大学生人群的横断面以及追踪研究中得到了验证，持有“最弱连接”抑郁认知易感个体，在遭遇更高水平的应激时，会有更高水平的抑郁发生，并且本研究详细探讨了抑郁认知易感个体与不同维度的日常应激交互作用时，不同抑郁维度的变化规律；（2）本研究建立了大样本行为追踪数据库，系统评估了不同抑郁易感因素与日常应激相互作用对情绪的变化规律；（3）系统评估了抑郁认知易感者的行为心理特征，基于“最弱连接”假说的抑郁认知易感者在认知情绪调节策略、自传体记忆、神经软体征等因素中与正常对照组比较，存在显著差异；（4）DTI数据显示在出现临床意义抑郁症之前，抑郁认知易感者白质完整性已经出现改变；（5）抑郁认知易感者与正常对照组相比，灰质体积与密度都有显著性差异；静息态功能磁共振数据发现抑郁的认知易感者与健康对照组alff显著增高区域是右侧楔前叶和右侧额上回，而抑郁的认知易感者和健康对照组的Reho值进行双样本t检验,抑郁症易感者与健康对照组Reho显著增高区域是左侧楔前叶和右侧楔前叶。本研究揭示了“最弱连接”假说在抑郁的认知易感人群中的筛选可行性的证据，并探讨来自行为学以及认知神经科学中关于“最弱连接”方法科学性更多的证据。