生鲜农产品供应链协调机制研究

Fresh product is a special type of perishable product. As its freshness decreases over time, the quality and quantity of fresh products are severely depleted in the supply chain. However, the deterioration rate of the fresh product can be reduced by the supply chain coordination. Therefore, this project integrates supply chain contract theory and game theory, considers risk preference and freshness-keeping effort to study decision-making of supply chain stakeholders and supply chain contract coordination for fresh products. The project's research consists of four parts. (1) The optimal decision of the fresh product supply chain under risk neutrality is discussed, and the contracting coordination is analyzed. (2) The contracting coordination of the fresh product supply chain with fresh-keeping effort under risk neutrality is investigated, the total profit of the supply chain and the profits of various stakeholders when achieving equilibrium under mixed contract and single contract are compared. (3) The coordination of fresh products supply chain with contract under risk preference is considered, and the impact of risk preference on decision-making of supply chain stakeholders and supply chain performance is analyzed. (4) In the case of different freshness-keeping efforts of supply chain members, the supply chain contract coordination of fresh products with risk preference is studied, the influence of product freshness and fresh-keeping efforts on optimal decision-making of each partner in supply chain under different risk preferences is explored. This research will enrich the theories and methods of supply chain management of fresh products and improve the overall operational performance of the supply chain.

生鲜农产品具有易腐性和时鲜性，而供应链的协调有助于缓解其严重损耗。为此，本项目综合供应链契约理论和博弈论，针对风险偏好和保鲜努力两个影响因素，研究生鲜农产品供应链企业的决策以及供应链契约协调的问题。具体包括：（1）风险中性下生鲜农产品供应链的契约协调，探讨新鲜度对供应商和零售商的最优决策和供应链绩效的影响；（2）风险中性下考虑保鲜努力的生鲜农产品供应链契约协调，分析单一契约与混合契约下达到均衡时供应链的总体收益以及各利益主体的收益；（3）风险偏好下生鲜农产品供应链的契约协调，研究风险偏好对生鲜农产品供应链企业的决策和供应链绩效的影响；（4）风险偏好下考虑保鲜努力的生鲜农产品供应链契约协调，揭示不同风险偏好下产品新鲜度和保鲜努力对供应链各主体最优决策的影响机理。本研究将丰富生鲜农产品供应链管理理论与方法，提高供应链的整体运作绩效。

本项目的研究来源于供应链管理的重要领域——供应链契约协调，针对具有易腐性和时鲜性的生鲜农产品，以产品损耗最小化、供应链利润最大化为目标，从供应链契约的视角，研究了消费者新鲜度偏好、产品损耗率等影响因素对生鲜农产品供应链契约协调机制的影响，不同利益主体之间对成本分担和利益分配等决策的影响。三年来，课题组成员结合多供应商联合采购、采用RFID技术、不同权力结构、供应商竞争、产品降价策略情形下生鲜农产品供应链的契约协调问题做出了一系列的工作，通过数量折扣契约、收益共享契约、成本共担契约、批发价格契约实现了生鲜农产品供应链的协调，提高了供应链的整体运作绩效，对供应链契约协调问题的研究做出了重大推进。在这些问题的研究中，我们丰富了生鲜农产品供应链契约协调的理论方法，这些理论和方法为生鲜农产品供应链契约机制制定提供了科学依据，对从事供应链研究和实践的企业管理人员、科研人员有一定的参考价值，对于增强生鲜品供应链企业的竞争能力具有重要的现实意义。同时，也为我们自己将来的研究工作打下了坚实的基础。