认知训练和有氧锻炼对常态老化大脑可塑性的共同神经机制研究

The aging population continues to rise. The development of new interventions to prevent cognitive aging has become important in the field of neuroscience. Cognitive training and aerobic exercise have been recognized to be effective interventions against cognitive aging. Cognitive training, aimed towards single or multiple domains, is a type of intellect training. Physical aerobic exercise training can also change the plasticity of cognitive aging. We hypothesize that sensitive regions of the brain can be modified with cognitive and aerobic exercise training, which will improve cognition in the elderly. We also hypothesize that cognitive and aerobic exercise training act through the same neural pathways.The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism, and discover possible neural pathways, of aerobic exercise and cognitive training on cognitive aging and plasticity on healthy elderly adults(sensitive period 65-75 years old). This study uses a randomized control trial, and is based on our prior research (The Mechanism of Cognitive Training on Successful Aging 30770769).Through multidisciplinary approach and the neuroimaging,neruopsychological and psychosocial variables from cohort, we explore the potential common pathway of neural plasticity of both interventions. It will provide new direction for novel high efficient cognitive aging intervention and also give new way for brain protection.

人口老龄化不断加剧，发展新型针对健康老年人群的认知干预已成为重要的一级预防策略。认知训练和有氧锻炼是公认有效的认知老化干预方法。认知训练是通过直接针对特定或多认知领域的智力训练，有氧训练则是通过外周躯体的体育锻炼，但二者均可使认知老化的可塑性发生改变，其内在的神经机制一直是神经科学研究热点。针对认知老化可塑性变化的脑区，我们提出有氧锻炼和认知训练可能存在共同的可塑性神经"通路"假设。本研究拟针对处于认知老化敏感阶段的健康老人，在我们前期工作基础上（认知训练对成功老龄化影响机制的研究,30770769），通过认知训练和有氧锻炼进行随机对照研究，结合多学科手段，多时点的脑结构和功能影像学指标、神经心理学和心理社会指标等，动态地探究有氧锻炼和认知训练对大脑认知老化可塑性的共同作用机制，探索可能存在的可塑性神经"通路"。为今后设计高效敏感的认知老化干预提供新理论，将对"脑的保护"具有重要意义。

认知训练和有氧锻炼是公认有效的认知老化干预方法。认知训练是通过直接针对特定或 多认知领域的智力训练，有氧训练则是通过外周躯体的体育锻炼，但二者均可使认知老化的可塑性发生改变，其内在的神经机制一直是神经科学研究热点。针对认知老化可塑性变化的脑区，我们提出有氧锻炼和认知训练可能存在共同的可塑性神经"通路"假设。本研究针对处于认知老化敏感阶段的健康老人，在我们前期工作基础上（认知训练对成功老龄化影响机制的研究,30770769），通过认知训练和有氧锻炼进行随机对照研究，结合多学科手段，多时点的脑结构和功能影像学指标、神经心理学和心理社会指标等，动态地探究了有氧锻炼和认知训练对大脑认知老化可塑性的共同作用机制，探索可能存在的可塑性神经通路。为今后设计高效敏感认知老化干预提供新理论，对"脑的保护"具有重要意义。相关研究的系列成果作为重要内容获得2017年度上海市科学技术进步奖三等奖（已通过公示）。