我国集装箱运输业空箱资源优化配置研究

Empty Containers Repositioning is the focus of the containerized transportation industry. The development trend of the inter－regional industrial relocation in China exacerbates the distribution imbalance of empty containers resource. It also causes the efficiency decrease of empty containers repositioning and expands the external impact of the transport system. Therefore how to solve the increasingly prominent inefficiency of empty containers repositioning have become the key issues of containerized transportation industry. Firstly, from the perspective of social benefits, the study builds an evaluation system on the repositioning system of empty container resources. The evaluation system is comprised of the level of service that empty container depots meets the demand of the industries, the external impact characteristics of the integrated transport system as well as social generalized cost of the empty container transportation. Secondly, a set of industries related to containers in its life cycle is identified by a complex network analysis method. Then a demand mechanism between the industries and the empty container resource is established and employed to predict the demand for empty containers in the target area. Thirdly, based on the random utility theory, the choice behavior on mode and route of empty containers in a multi-mode network is established. And then the study proposed a systematic optimization and decision-making method to integrate the inland container depot location model and the assignment model of empty container flow on a multi-mode network. Finally, the empirical study takes the inter－regional industrial relocation as the analytical scenario. The results reveal the law of influence of the depot location strategies on the social benefits of the empty containers repositioning. Thus the "efficiency" repositioning strategy on empty container resources is further proposed, in order to lay the theoretical and practical basis for improving the logistics performance of containerized transportation industry in China.

空箱调运是集装箱运输业关注的焦点。我国产业转移的发展态势加剧了空箱资源分布的不均衡性，降低了空箱资源周转使用的时效性，扩大了空箱运输的外部性影响，解决空箱调运日益突出的"低效性"，成为集装箱运输业面临的关键问题。 本课题首先从社会效益的角度出发，重点考虑空箱场站对产业的服务水平、交通体系外部性的影响特征以及空箱调运的广义费用三方面要素，构建空箱资源调配系统的评价体系；其次，基于复杂网络分析理论筛选集装箱生命周期中的关联产业集，并揭示产业与空箱资源之间的需求机理；接着，基于随机效用理论解析空箱在多模式网络中的方式和路径选择行为，建立综合内陆空箱场站选址与多模式网络空箱调运分配的系统优化与决策方法；最后以我国产业转移为分析场景，揭示场站布局、调运方案对空箱调运系统社会效益的影响规律，提出"高效性"的空箱资源优化配置策略，为我国集装箱运输业物流绩效的提高奠定理论和实践基础。

我国产业转移发展态势加剧了集装箱资源分布的不均衡性，降低了集装箱资源周转使用的时效性，扩大了集装箱运输的外部性影响，区域集装箱运输"低效性"凸显，如何合理布局内陆集装箱场站成为解决上述问题的关键。 .本课题首先基于空间格局统计与检验模型对我国沿海港口集装箱需求的时空演化轨迹与特征进行了测度；其次，基于随机效用理论和离散选择模型建立集装箱场站布局与产业转移分布格局之间的互动机制；再基于图论和交通网络分析法实现多模式集装箱运输网络构建，并基于用户平衡分配原理解析集装箱需求在多模式运输网络中的方式和路径选择行为；第四，构建以最小一般化费用、最低环境负荷水平、最大区域服务水平为导向，基于产业转移效应的集装箱场站多期多目标双层规划模型，并基于SAGA GIS平台，采用C++语言编码，基于NSGA-II原理设计启发式算法求解模型。最后以我国泛珠三角地区为实证对象，揭示了产业转移速率、区域运输系统等要素对内陆集装箱场站最优布局之间的联动效应。.研究发现：受集装箱适箱产业内迁影响，我国集装箱运输需求格局向内陆转移趋势显著，且差异性逐渐增大，聚集性水平加剧；集装箱场站的帕累托最优布局方案会随着产业转移速率提高逐渐向中前期布局，以服务内迁产业需求；随着运输成本增加最优场站方案与海港距离变小；最优场站布局会向劳动力、土地成本较低地区先期布局，中后期场站布局会远离运输系统拥挤区域；扩大铁路的集装箱通过能力会大幅改变内迁产业的分布格局，从而影响场站的多期布局结构。由于场景模拟系统的影响要素众多，优化结果与各要素之间形成复杂的耦合效应，因此，本课题提出的区域集装箱资源配置与场站多期规划理论与方法，其研究成果可为集装箱运输系统的中长期规划提供决策依据，为我国集装箱运输业物流绩效提高奠定理论和实践基础。