煤基热塑性高分子材料功能化和稳定化的基本科学问题

With the development of coal chemical technology in China, the species and amount of coal-based polymers are increasing rapidly. The coal chemical industry in Shanxi province is now needed to restructure and upgrade. Therefore, technologies of functionalization, specialization and performance enhancing are crucial for increasing the competitiveness and adding value of coal-based polymers. This project focuses on the functionalization and stabilization of the two major coal-based polymers, i.e., polypropylene and polyamide 6. The interaction mechanism between polymers and small molecular additives will be investigated by the methods of polymer chemistry and physics. (1) The nucleating mechanism of small molecular nucleating agents of polypropylene will be elucidated. The correlation of morphology and charge storage properties of polypropylene will be established. The photo-oxidative stabilization mechanism of polypropylene by reactive hindered amines light stabilizer will also be investigated. (2) For understanding the molecular mechanism for the stability of polyamide 6 by water, light, temperature and oxygen, the effects of additives, fillers and second components on the stability of polyamide 6 will be systematically studied. Intrinsic anti-electrostatic additives for polyamide 6 will be designed and synthesized. The long-term interaction mechanism between polyamide 6 and the anti-electrostatic additives will be clarified. High performance polyamide 6 materials with anti-electrostatic and high stability will be prepared. The project implementation will provide helpful references for the coal-based polymer industry in Shanxi Province.

近年来，我国煤化工技术发展迅速，煤基聚合物产量不断提高。随着山西省煤炭产业的转型和升级，开展煤基高分子材料的功能化、专用化和高性能化研究，对于提升煤基聚合物的竞争力和附加值至关重要。本项目针对煤化工产业的两大高分子材料品种-聚丙烯和聚酰胺6入手，围绕其功能化和稳定化开展工作。利用高分子化学和物理的研究手段，明确聚合物和小分子助剂的相互作用机理。（1）开展聚丙烯和成核剂的成核机理研究，建立微观形貌与聚丙烯储电性能的关系，阐明反应型受阻胺光稳定剂对聚丙烯的光氧稳定化机理。（2）瞄准聚酰胺6的水解稳定性及光热氧稳定性的分子机制，探讨不同助剂、填料、合金化等因素与聚酰胺6化学稳定性的相互关系，设计合成酰胺基本征型抗静电剂，研究其对聚酰胺6抗静电性能的长效作用机理，制备高性能、抗静电、性能稳定的聚酰胺6材料。本项目的研究成果将为山西省的煤化工高分子材料产业提供参考。

近年来，我国煤化工技术发展迅速，煤基聚合物产量不断提高。随着山西省煤炭产业的转型和升级，开展煤基高分子材料的功能化、专用化和高性能化研究，对于提升煤基聚合物的竞争力和附加值至关重要。本项目围绕煤基聚丙烯（PP）和聚酰胺6（PA6）功能化和稳定化的科学问题，利用高分子化学和物理的研究手段，重点开展了PP成核剂的附生结晶机理、PP的电学性能、人工条件下PP光氧稳定性、PA6的水解稳定性及其机理、PA6的热氧稳定性以及本征型抗静电剂改性PA6等研究工作，取得以下成果：（1）成功获得系列PP成核剂单晶及其晶体结构参数，通过实验和理论计算方法明确了PP在成核剂表面的附生结晶机理；（2）芳香族酰胺类alpha晶成核剂的晶体形貌和体系中beta晶含量影响聚丙烯膜的储电性能；（3）紫外光辐照引发反应型光稳定剂GW-628与iPP之间的反应，但随着紫外光照时间的增加，逐渐处于接枝反应与损耗共存的过程。GW-628的加入能够阻止iPP光氧化降解过程中含氧基团的生成，但无法避免降解初期分子量的降低；（4）在PP人工加速光氧老化初期，结晶度的增加不仅源于“化学结晶”作用，也与光氧化降解引起的非晶区的“刻蚀作用”有关；自中介相转变为alpha晶的iPP薄膜样品较熔体结晶样品的光氧稳定性有明显提高。（5）加速水解老化研究结果表明，纳米SiO2、CaCO3、玻纤和PA1012可以有效降低PA6的吸水率，提高其抗水解性能；（6）阐明了热氧稳定剂种类、含量及老化时间对PA6黄色指数、热氧稳定性及分子结构的影响；（7）合成了聚醚酰胺嵌段共聚物，其与PA6共混，可有效提高PA6的抗静电性能。项目按计划完成了研究任务，取得较好的研究结果，发表期刊论文24篇，培养研究生2名，为企业培养技术骨干4名，参加国内外学术会议15人次。