中国古代南北对峙区域军事城镇的防御机制与空间形态特征研究——以川陕、荆襄与两淮战区为重点

The North-South confrontation was an important stage of political and military space pattern in the ancient China From Wei and Jin Dynasties to the song and Yuan Dynasties, when in Districts of Chuan-Shan , Jing-Xiang and LiangHuai one of the large scale, long time, multi-level and composite space defense system was formed from Qingling mountain to Huaihe river with natural barrier, artificial construction and urban construction, reflecting the ancient Chinese military strategy and urban construction skills were highly unified in defense of space in the history of the world military defense. From the perspective of the whole system, this study will make an on-the-spot investigation of Chinese ancient North South confrontation region and its military towns, using the research methods of historical geography spatial statistics and urban morphology unit comparison, to establish the analysis model of military towns in North-South confrontation region. The Study will survey on the geographical characteristics, historical evolution, military system, urban morphology, cultural characteristics of North-South confrontation region, especially focusing on the analysis of forming basis, defense mechanism and morphological characteristics of the urban space defense, to dig out the cultural characteristics and heritage value of the military towns in North-South confrontation region, which will enrich and improve the "regional and thematic" research in the area of Chinese urban and architectural culture.

南北对峙是中国古代魏晋南北朝至宋元时期重要的政治与军事宏观空间格局特征，以川陕、荆襄、两淮三大战区为主体的“秦岭—淮河”南北对峙区域形成了集自然天险、人工构筑、城镇建筑于一体的广尺度、长历时、多层次、复合型防御空间体系，体现了中国古代军事谋略思想与城镇营建技艺高度的统一，在世界防御空间史上留下了隆重的一笔。本研究以系统性的视角，整体地考察中国古代南北对峙区域及其军事城镇，并运用历史地理空间统计法与城镇形态单元比较法等研究方法，建立起南北对峙区域的军事城镇整体分析模型，对南北对峙区域的地理特征、历史演变、军事体系、城镇形态、文化特色等内容进行研究，特别是对军事城镇防御空间的形成基础、防御机制与形态特征进行分析，挖掘其文化特征与遗产价值，丰富与完善中国“地域性、专题性”的城镇与建筑文化研究。

项目结合建筑学、军事学、城乡规划学、历史地理学、社会学等多学科理论，运用历史地理空间统计法与城镇形态单元比较法等研究方法，对南北对峙区域的地理特征、历史演变、军事体系、城镇形态、文化特色等内容进行研究，系统性地对军事防御思想、制度与组织进行分析，从区域、城镇与建筑三个层次挖掘城镇防御机制与空间形态特征，厘清城镇防御空间营建方式及其背后的战略意图与思想内涵。研究认为：（1）南北对峙是中国古代魏晋南北朝至宋元时期重要的政治与军事宏观空间格局特征，以川陕、荆襄、两淮三大战区为主体的“秦岭—淮河”南北对峙区域形成了集自然天险、人工构筑、城镇建筑于一体的广尺度、长历时、多层次、复合型防御空间体系；（2）在长期南北对峙过程中，军事城镇成为防御重点，城镇建设积极探索城镇形态与自然山水地形地貌结合的方式，打破了中原礼制的束缚，使得城镇形态与营建技术得到进一步丰富与发展；（3）川陕、荆襄、两淮三大战区因地制宜在山川河谷的艰险地带修建众多城池、堡寨、关隘、渡口等防卫设施，并产生了城镇、城寨、城渡等相互协同的防御方式，系统整体防御的过程体现出中国古代军事谋略思想与城镇营建技艺的高度统一，具有重要的历史文化价值。