鼠李糖脂降低酚类物质对堆肥中功能微生物的毒性的作用机制研究

Composting technology can effectively reduce the environmental pollution of organic solid waste, and has broad application prospects. However, the presence of an amount of phenols is toxic to microorganisms, thus hindering the process of composting. The application of traditional method on the reduction of phenolic toxicity to microorganisms in composting system has certain limitations. However, the amphiphilic characteristics and microbial effect of biosurfactants provide the possibility to reduce the toxicity of phenols. In this study, the mechanism of the effect of rhamnolipid, a typical biosurfactant, on the toxicity of phenolic compounds to functional microorganisms in compost will be studied in-depth. Firstly, the typical functional microorganisms will be isolated from the compost. Then the aggregation behavior of rhamnolipid and phenols and the association with phenolic toxicity will be studied. The influence of microbial effects on the characteristics of the cell surface and the association with the toxicity of phenols will also be analyzed. The effect of rhamnolipid on the characteristics of typical functional enzymes and the association with phenolic toxicity will be studied, too. Then the effect of rhamnolipid on the composting process with phenols will be analyzed. The purpose of this project is to explore new theory, which can support the application of biosurfactants with amphiphilic characteristics and microbial effects on composting system with phenols cheaply and efficiently, and improve composting efficiency and quality.

堆肥能有效降低有机固体废弃物对环境的污染,并具有广阔的应用前景。然而，一定量酚类物质的存在会对微生物产生毒性，从而阻碍堆肥化进程。传统的降低酚类物质对微生物的毒性的方法在堆肥体系中应用具有一定的局限性,而生物表面活性剂的两亲性特征和微生物效应为其降低酚类物质的毒性提供了可能。本项目拟以鼠李糖脂作为生物表面活性剂的典型代表，深入研究鼠李糖脂降低酚类物质对堆肥中功能微生物的毒性的作用机制。课题中首先将从堆肥中筛选出典型的功能微生物，然后研究鼠李糖脂与酚类物质的共聚集行为及其对酚类物质毒性的影响，分析鼠李糖脂的微生物效应对菌体表面性质的影响及其与酚类物质毒性的关联，探究鼠李糖脂对典型功能酶的改性作用及其对酚类物质毒性的影响，并揭示鼠李糖脂对含酚堆肥过程的影响。本课题旨在为利用生物表面活性剂的两亲性特征和微生物效应将之廉价而高效地应用于含酚堆肥体系中，提高堆肥效率和品质探索新的理论支持。

堆肥能有效降低有机固体废物对环境的污染，并具有广阔的应用前景。然而，一定量酚类物质的存在会对微生物产生毒性，从而阻碍堆肥化进程。传统的降低酚类物质对微生物的毒性的方法在堆肥体系应用中具有一定的局限性，而生物表面活性剂的两亲性特征和微生物效应为其降低酚类物质的毒性提供了可能。本项目以鼠李糖脂作为生物表面活性剂的典型代表，深入研究鼠李糖脂降低酚类物质对堆肥中功能微生物的毒性的作用机制。课题中首先从堆肥中筛选出了典型的功能微生物，然后研究了鼠李糖脂与酚类物质的共聚集行为及其对酚类物质毒性的影响，分析了鼠李糖脂的微生物效应对菌体表面性质的影响及其与酚类物质毒性的关联，探究了鼠李糖脂对典型功能酶的改性作用及其对酚类物质毒性的影响，并揭示了鼠李糖脂对含酚堆肥过程的影响。本课题为生物表面活性剂的两亲性特征和微生物效应将之廉价而高效地应用与含酚堆肥体系中，以提高堆肥效率和品质提供了理论支持。