面向污油资源化的鼠李糖脂高效破乳机制与方法研究

Demulsification to achieve a totally separation of oil and water is the most efficient mean to recover valuable components in the waste crude oil which is commonly presented in petroleum exploitation and refinery processes. However, the regular approaches fail to demulsify the extremely stable waste crude oil that is a water-in oil type crude oil emulsion stabilized by complex emulsifiers and fine solid particles. Rhamnolipid, as an environmental friendly biosurfactant, owns fantastic efficiency on demulsifying such crude oil emulsion, possessing great potential in industrial application. However, its mechanism on demulsification is unclear. This project aims to illustrate the demulsification mechanism of rhamnolipid within three key processes: coalescence of droplets, film breakage and retraction from the point of biomechanics using experimental and molecular dynamic simulation approaches. In addition, the regulation law of the stability of waste crude oil will be studied. After that, a high-performance demulsification process towards the recovery of crude oil from the waste crude oil will be developed via introducing the demulsification mechanism of rhamnolipids. This project will facilitate the new methodology of high-performance demulsifying the waste crude oil towards the reuse of waste crude oil. This research will also serve as a fundamental research for high-performance demulsification as well as the interaction between rhamnolipids and interfacial membrane.

污油是一类广泛产生于石油加工过程中的高稳定含油乳液废弃物，破乳是其资源化及无害化处理的关键，但目前尚缺乏高效的处理手段。申请人前期发现生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂可高效破乳污油，为应对日趋严峻的污油处理难题，解析其中的作用机制至关重要。本项目拟借鉴生物物理学领域的相关研究方法，研究鼠李糖脂与乳化剂、界面膜之间的相互作用；从生物力学角度出发，借助微流控技术研究鼠李糖脂在液滴聚并、液膜破裂等过程中的作用及影响机制，并引入液膜卷缩行为共同揭示高效破乳过程；通过上述研究阐明鼠李糖脂的高效破乳机制。研究污油中固体微粒吸附乳化剂的性能对污油稳定性的影响，掌握污油稳定性的调控规律，建立并完善鼠李糖脂高效破乳污油的新方法。本项目将有助于开拓污油的高效破乳新方法，推动污油高效资源化回收技术的发展，同时对更广泛的高效破乳研究、揭示鼠李糖脂与界面膜之间的作用机理也具有重要意义。

污油广泛产生于石油开采、运输和加工过程中，是一种极其稳定的原油乳液，如何高效的处理已成为相关行业的一大难题。对其进行破乳以回收其中的原油是目前的重要解决方案，但传统的物理/化学手段难以高效处理。本项目基于前期的研究基础，研究鼠李糖脂的高效破乳作用机理，开发以鼠李糖脂为代表的生物破乳剂用于污油的处理。本项目研究了鼠李糖脂与乳化剂、乳液界面膜之间的相互作用关系；评价了鼠李糖脂在液膜上的吸附能力；并从生物力学角度出发，阐释了鼠李糖脂的高效破乳机制；还研究了固体微粒对污油稳定性的影响；基于鼠李糖脂的破乳作用机理，筛选和开发了新型生物表面活性剂，并将其用于污油的破乳，并构建了污油破乳的新方法。此外，本项目还进行了多批次的污油破乳中试验证。本项目构建的高效破乳新方法，不仅有利于推动污油资源化回收技术的发展，也为更加广泛的高效破乳研究提供了新的思路。