综合交通枢纽的生长型布局模型研究

Unreasonable design of the transportation terminal layout not only decrease the terminal's transfer efficiency, but also results in uncomfortable feeling for passengers and even form potential safety hazard. Currently the terminal design relies more on experienced structural engineers, who usually focus on the architectural structure instead of traffic function. There are still no specific layout method for traffic building, such as transportation terminal. The concept of biological growth was introduced to the design of terminal layout in this proposal. Spatiotemporal data of passengers within the terminal will be investigated to support the operational discussions and the database creation for the transfer facilities and organizations. Furthermore, the bionic models for facilities and organizations in terminal will be established. For the transfer facilities, the conceptural scheme will be contructed based on the relationship analysis among transfer demands, functions and facilities. Then the growth factors and matching principle will be calculated to realize the growth of the facility entities. For the passenger organizations, the relationship among different types of passenger during their transfer process will be quantified. On this basis, a coevolution algorithm will be developed for the passenger organization design. Finally, simulation of the optimized layout for terminal will be carried out after the stability verification. The project is expected to propose a novel design method for transportation terminal from a biological point of view, which may helps in the precise design of the terminal layout. The research achievements will be of great significance for the traffic optimization in terminal, and can provide a scientific basis for the planning, design and operation of the terminal.

布局设计不合理会严重降低枢纽的运行效率和乘客舒适感、甚至形成安全隐患。目前的枢纽布局设计多依靠经验丰富的结构工程师完成，带有强烈的建筑工程色彩，对交通功能的刻画较少，缺乏专门针对交通建筑的布局设计方法。 为探讨一种适用于交通建筑布局设计的新方法，将生长型设计理念引入枢纽规划布局中。首先分析乘客的时空分布特性，辨识已有枢纽的运行状态及存在问题，解析瓶颈机理并建立相应信息库；进而分别构建面向枢纽布局设计的设施和流线生长进化模型。对于设施结构，解析需求、功能和结构的映射关系，构建乘客需求导向的概念布局方案，量化生长要素和匹配规则，实现设施结构的实体生长；对于换乘流线，量化换乘组织的任务关系，设计换乘流线的生长进化算法；最后选取典型枢纽，进行生长模型稳定性和布局优化效果的仿真验证。 项目预期提出交通枢纽布局的生长模型，实现枢纽布局方案的精细化设计与全局优化，为枢纽规划建设和运营管理提供科学依据。

针对综合交通枢纽布局设计不合理问题，以枢纽布局设计优化为目标，借鉴仿生学中的生长型设计理念，设计生长基布局优化模拟实验，构建枢纽生长型设计优化模型，并给出枢纽生长优化的合理化建议。首先，基于对枢纽关键设施处客流量、步行速度及密度分布等行为指标的调研，明确现有枢纽运行中的主要问题，定位面向生长型优化设计的枢纽生长基关键区域。其次，通过调整生长基的规模、形式等动态生长要素和匹配规则，设计三类生长基（通道类、站厅类及站台类）的七种布局模式生长模拟实验，并采用单因素方差分析方法，与真实场景的行人流特征参数进行对比分析，验证生长模拟实验及其实验数据的有效性。最后，基于实验数据分析，从行人流换乘需求角度，分析动态生长变量下的行人流运动变化规律，构建枢纽关键设施生长要素与行人行为特性之间的生长关系模型，采用理论推导、极值点及趋势线分析方法，量化给出枢纽关键换乘设施或区域的布局设计参数取值推荐区间，为枢纽规划建设和运营管理提供科学依据。