基于纳米反应器的原位共聚硫的多尺度复合材料的制备及储锂性能研究

Energy and environment are topics of great concern nowadays. Efficient, safe, and low-cost lithium-sulfur batteries, as excellent electrochemical energy storage carrier, are among extremely important research fields with potential applications for mobile devices, electric vehicles and grid energy storage as well as reducing environmental pollution. However, the cycling stability, energy density and power density of cathode materials are in urgent need of improvement. Based on the latest international cutting-edge researches on the physical confinement of elemental sulfur and on sulfur-rich polymers, we here propose a concept of “chemical confinement of sulfur in conducting nano-domains” via controllably vinyl-functionalized mesoporous silica/carbon (meso-SiO2/C) conductive skeleton to achieve the chemical copolymerization of elemental sulfur by covalent bonding. The concept, inspired by the “nanoreactor” and “inverse vulcanization” mechanisms, will significantly improve the cycling stability via chemically bonded sulfur and polysulfides. The structures and properties will be optimized, including the mesoscopic aggregation structures, and the structure-property relationships and mechanism will also be intensively researched for providing important support for the further applications.

能源和环境是当今世界的重要研究课题。高效、安全、低成本的锂硫电池作为电化学储能和降低环境污染的优良载体在移动设备、电动汽车和电网储能等领域有极其重要的潜在应用。但其正极材料的循环稳定性、能量和功率密度亟待进一步提高。基于对单质硫的物理性束缚的研究积累和国际上富硫聚合物的研究前沿，我们提出“电导微畴化学束缚硫分子”理念，即在可控功能化修饰的介孔氧化硅/碳（meso-SiO2/C）导电骨架中实现单质硫的化学接枝共聚的共价键束缚，这种基于新型“纳米反应器”和“反硫化”（inverse vulcanization）机理的化学键束缚将大幅提升硫及多硫化物的稳定性，实现锂硫电池正极材料的结构优化和长寿命循环特性。研究涉及到结构-性能关系，机理探讨，不同介观聚集态或织态结构对载流子传输性能和嵌/脱锂性能的影响，电极材料结构和整体电化学储能器件性能优化，为进一步应用化研究提供重要理论和技术支持。

能源和环境是当今世界的重要研究课题。高效、安全、低成本的锂硫电池作为电化学储能和降低环境污染的优良载体在移动设备、电动汽车和电网储能等领域有极其重要的潜在应用。但其正极材料的循环稳定性、能量和功率密度亟待进一步提高。基于对单质硫的物理性束缚的研究积累和国际上富硫聚合物的研究前沿，我们提出“电导微畴化学束缚硫分子”理念，在可控功能化修饰或氧化硅模板化的碳纳米材料或石墨烯导电骨架中实现单质硫的更强束缚，这种基于新型“纳米反应器”机理的束缚大幅提升硫及多硫化物的稳定性，实现锂硫电池正极材料的结构优化和长寿命循环特性。研究涉及了结构-性能关系，机理探讨，不同介观聚集态或织态结构对载流子传输性能和嵌/脱锂性能的影响，电极材料结构和整体电化学储能器件性能优化，为进一步应用化研究提供了有益的理论和技术支持。