基于空间复合激励的肠腔电阻抗成像技术研究

Colorectal disease is global high incidence disease of alimentary tract. The initial diagnosis methods, as anal DRE and colonoscopy, are of large subjectivity and difficult to achieve the accurate localization of the lesions and infiltration boundary division. This application is promoted according to the clinical demand, which uses the built in electrodes for impedance imaging, utilizes the endoscope structure as preliminary positioning and the space composite incentives to obtain the function image of the intestinal lumen, and improves the reconstruction model and modifies the algorithm parameters through the pressure feedback form intestinal wall. Finally, the diagnosis of intestinal physiology and pathological changes are accomplished by analyzing the integrated information from multi-dimension and multi-parameters..The study mainly addresses three scientific questions: (1) Establish corresponding physical model and analysis method based on the characteristics of intestinal tissue and its pathological changes. (2) Complete the study of targeted signal acquisition and control method, develop the detection system and data processing method for intestinal lumen. (3)Establish image reconstruction method according to the intestinal morphology, image analysis and contrast with colonoscopy..By solving the above scientific problems, we would form original information extraction and evaluation method for intestinal characteristics, as a high sensitivity and specificity auxiliary diagnostic modality, which lays the foundation for clinical applications as high-risk population screening, estimating and the localization of lesion characteristics and treatment guide.

结直肠疾病是全球性的消化道高发病症，其初步诊断方法肛管指诊和肠镜，具有较大主观性，对于疾病的确诊、病灶精确定位和浸润边界的划分较难实现。本课题依据临床需求为牵引，采用体内放置电极的阻抗成像方法，利用内窥镜结构图像初步定位，采用空间复合激励获得肠腔的阻抗功能图像，并通过肠壁实时压力反馈完善重构模型，修正算法参数，实现多维度、多参数的肠道生理、病理变化分析。.课题主要解决三个科学问题：（1）基于肠道组织的特点及其病变特征，建立对应的物理模型和分析方法。（2）完成针对性的信号采集方式与控制方法研究，开发用于肠腔的检测系统与数据处理方法。（3）建立符合肠腔形态特征的图像重构方法，并与肠镜采集到的图像对比分析。.通过上述科学问题的解决形成原创性的针对肠腔特征的信息提取与评价方法，作为敏感性和特异性较高的辅助诊断方式，为临床上高危人群筛查，病灶特征判断和定位，治疗引导等相关应用奠定基础。

本研究课题背景依据临床反馈为需求牵引，在已有的生物阻抗技术基础上，结合肠道电-机特性，阻抗-频率特性，自适应控制与建模，针对性的激励和图像重构等方法，能够多维度地实时比对分析肠道的结构和功能影像，多方面挖掘深层次信息，提取与生理、病理状态相关联的敏感性参数。..项目主要研究内容，完成预期计划，包括：① 建立结直肠仿真模型，验证肠道阻抗的提取方法。②构建检测实验系统，使之可用于预实验研究。 ③建立肠道病灶与图像形态、频谱特征对应关系的检测实验体系和评价方法。..课题建立了定制的结肠医学模型，其模型内部包括了直肠癌、直肠炎、直肠息肉等多种典型病变特征。以阻抗成像技术结合肠镜，先验信息，反馈信号等，从结构形态和功能图像两方面，共同分析肠道病变的特征和分布规律。建立基于形态特点和功能特征的实时比对分析方法，并从中挖掘出具有定性、定量、定位价值的参数，进而推动激励方式、频率设定、算法参数设置的优化。通过数据仿真、物理模拟实验、动物组织评估方法的可靠性，形成原创性的针对肠腔特征的信息提取与评价方法，为腔道阻抗成像在医学，乃至工程检测领域提供了重要参考。