电动汽车一体化电站微电网群分层协调调度策略和优化方法研究

It’s proved that integration of electric vehicles (EVs) to the new energy microgrid can effectively eliminate or alleviate the negative integration impacts to the grid and reduce carbon emissions. According to our investigation, uncontrolled charging of a large scale of EV results in peak load added with charging load, and time-of-use based controlled charging strategy is likely to generate a new load peak and the charging load reveals as the low-price intervals ending. Hence this project propose a hierarchical coordinated dispatching of multiple integrated station microgrids, in which the dispatching problem of microgrids and that of integrated station are decoupled and the dispatching is finally distributed to the power batteries and storage batteries. The studied integrated station has multiple functions of charging, swapping, and storage. Firstly, with introduction of decentralized optimization based on duality theory and dynamic update of charging electric price, to investigate the model and computation of optimal coordinated dispatching of multi-microgrids. Then, optimize the power output of the battery charging-swapping station (BCSS) and battery storage station with the window-moving technique. Finally, considering the state transmission, optimally dispatch the power batteries and storage batteries to charge/discharge. The project will carry out simulation and experiment studies, and based on the results, to revise and perfect the dispatching model and optimization method. The corresponding achievements are expected to provide a solid foundation for realizing the techniques of V2G and B2G and mutual benefit and win for EVs and grid.

将电动汽车（EV）通过充换电站接入新能源微电网，可以有效缓解大规模EV接入电网带来的负面影响，就地消纳可再生能源，实现低碳。但目前研究主要针对单个充换电站，且基于分时电价的有序充电易产生新的负荷尖峰和充电负荷骤降现象。据此提出区域充换储一体化电站微电网（ISMG）群的分层协调调度，将ISMG群级调度与一体化电站（IS）调度解耦，并分解IS充放电任务，从而合理地分散充放电分布，实现削峰填谷，减少对电网的负载影响与不必要的装机投资。拟基于对偶理论和时段电价滚动更新策略，研究ISMG群级的分散式优化协调调度；采用基于启发式规则的滑动窗口法，研究IS中充换电站和储能电站的协调调度；最终计及电池状态转换，优化动力电池和储能电池充放电。拟通过数字仿真和实验验证研究的结果，修正模型、算法和系统结构，完善区域ISMG群协调调度模型和计算方法，为实现V2G和B2G互动技术、支撑EV和电网的协同发展奠定基础。

随着电动汽车的推广普及和一体化电站的规模不断扩大，考虑区域集群行为，对区域充换电站微电网群与电网交互能量的进行协调调度，可以实现电网公司、用户和充换电站运营商的多赢。项目主要围绕一体化电站微电网群协调优化调度数学模型的构建、一体化电站微电网群级调度问题的对偶问题及其分散式优化求解方法和一体化电站内充换电站和储能电站的协调调度及电池充放电优化等内容展开研究。主要成果包括提出了基于拉格朗日松弛法的电动汽车充电站有序充电调度的分散式优化方法，提出了基于动态自适应粒子群优化算法的微电网动态优化调度策略和基于Stackelberg博弈的一体化电站微电网双层协调优化调度方法，并提出了基于改进双向拍卖的多微电网能量协调优化调度模型、考虑交互功率控制和双边竞价交易的多微电网双层优化调度方法。研究成果可为可再生能源与电动汽车充放电设施集成系统经济运行模型构建及求解的关键科学技术问题提供支撑，对实现电动汽车和动力电池组与电网互动技术（V2G和B2G）及推广一体化电站，支撑电动汽车和坚强智能电网的共同发展，具有重要的理论和应用价值。