量子真随机数产生协议设计、分析及实现技术研究

Random numbers are of extreme importance for a wide range of applications in both commercial and scientific fields, such as lottery games, statistical sampling, numerical simulations, and cryptography, especially quantum cryptography. A significant example is the quantum key distribution (QKD), where the true random numbers are essential for guaranteeing the unconditional security and the high performance of the system. Quantum random number generator (QRNG), which is based on the intrinsic randomness described by the theory of quantum mechanics, can provide truly unpredictable and irreproducible random numbers and is potential for ultra-high generation rate and chip-based system design. Therefore, the QRNG is an important research field for both the true random number generation and quantum cryptography. In this program, the QRNG will be studied in many aspects both theoretically and practically. Firstly, the physical mechanism, the protocol design as well as optimization and the theoretical security analysis of the QRNG will be studied. Secondly, high performance QRNG schemes with provable security and potential for compact design will be proposed and verified experimentally, which will promote the practical application for QRNG and significantly support the practical cryptography systems, especially the quantum cryptography systems.

随机数在博彩、统计抽样、计算科学、密码学（尤其是量子密码学）等领域中起到了举足轻重的作用。例如量子密钥分发系统中，高速真随机数是保证系统无条件安全性和高性能的前提。量子随机数产生技术基于量子力学理论内在的随机性，能产生不可预测的真随机序列，并且具备高速率、芯片化的潜能，是真随机数产生技术的重要新方向，也是当前量子密码领域的研究热点。本项目旨在研究量子随机数产生的物理机理、协议优化及设计、安全性分析理论，自主设计可证安全且具备高速、小型化潜能的量子随机数产生方案，并开展实验验证，推进量子随机数产生技术的实用化，对实际保密通信系统（尤其是量子密码系统）起到重要支撑作用。

随机数产生技术在博彩、统计抽样、计算科学、密码学等领域应用中起到了举足轻重的作用。量子随机数产生（Quantum Random Number Generation, QRNG）技术基于量子力学理论内在的随机性，能产生不可预测的真随机序列，并且具备高速率、芯片化的潜能，是真随机数产生技术的重要新方向，也是当前量子密码领域的研究热点。.本项目深入研究了量子随机数产生的物理机理、协议优化及设计、安全性分析理论，自主设计并实验验证了若干可证安全且具备高速、小型化潜能的量子随机数产生方案。在项目执行过程中，项目组在量子随机数产生以及密切相关的量子密钥分发方向累计发表论文70余篇（其中SCI检索论文50篇，EI检索论文18篇，CCF B类中文期刊论文1篇），申请发明专利40余项，科研成果丰富且创新性较突出。本项目首次设计并实现了基于高斯极值定理的光源无关性QRNG方案，首次给出了放大自发辐射噪声QRNG方案量化安全性分析模型及安全测试方法，全面突破了连续变量量子密钥分发系统系列关键技术，实验实现了目前国际上传输速率最快和传输距离最长的连续变量量子密钥分发系统。.上述成果有效推进了量子随机数产生技术的实用化，部分成果已成功应用于指导我国国防、党政等领域相关系统关键技术攻关和设备研发，部分成果已列入行业标准规范，经济和社会效益显著。