基于量子物理的真随机数发生器研究

The true random number generator is very important for information science, especially in the field of security and confidentiality. For the reaseach of the true random number generator, quantum physics develops two directions - - high speed and reliability. Uncertainty is the intrinsic property of quantum physics, using this property to generate true random numbers with high speed has inherent advantages. The quantum correlation provides the device-independent way to test the reliability of true random numbers, even if the adverary made the generator and stored a large number of true random numbers. The current situation is that the true random number generator cannot meet the actual demand, in order to ease the situation, we will carry out the research of the true random number generator based on quantum physics, over both high speed and high reliability directions.In the high speed direction, we will combine quantum fluctuations of the phase and intensity together to generate the true random number, analyse the relationship between each part of the generator and the generation rate, and establish the optimization method. In the high reliability direction, we will increase the dimensions of the quantum space and find the quantum method to measure the randomness. In view of our previous work, this project is expected to achieve a real time quantum true random number generator with a practical high rate, establish the relationship between spatial dimension and production rate, and the relationship between intrinsic correlation and quantum randomness. The fruits of this project will provide new ideas and scientific basis to generate true random numbers with higher speed and reliability.

真随机数发生器对信息科学尤其是安全保密领域有着重要的价值。量子物理为真随机数发生器的研究拓展了高速和可靠两个深入方向，不确定性是量子物理的内禀属性，用其高速地生成真随机数有着先天的优势，而量子关联则为高可靠地产生真随机数提供了设备无关的方法，有效预防了敌手在设备中预存真随机数的安全漏洞。本项目针对目前真随机数发生器尚不能满足实际需求的现状，以基于量子物理的真随机数发生器为研究对象，拟开展高速率和高可靠性两个方向的研究。在高速率方向，采取相位和强度量子涨落相结合的方案，分析发生器各部分与生成率的关系，建立优化方法；在高可靠性方向，采用增大量子空间维度的方案，寻找度量随机性的量子物理方法。鉴于我们前期积累的理论和实验基础，本项目预期将实现较高速率的实时量子真随机数发生器，建立空间维度与生成率、内在关联与量子随机性的关系。项目的研究成果可以为更高速率、更可靠地产生真随机数提供新的思路和科学依据。

项目的研究围绕“基于量子物理的真随机数发生器”而展开，主要的进展体现在六个方面：1、基于雪崩光电二极管的量子随机数发生器；2、可调非平衡量子随机数发生器；3、相位编码自检测量子随机数发生器；4、设备无关与半设备无关量子随机数发生器；5、免后处理的随机性提取方案；6、量子随机数发生器在量子密钥分配中的扩展研究。其中，前3项属于实验研究，均搭建了相应的实验系统，第4项和第5项属于理论研究，第6项属于相关的扩展研究。研究内容方面，1、基于雪崩光电二极管的量子随机数发生器、2、可调非平衡量子随机数发生器均属于常规的随机数发生器，以追求高速率为主要目标，而3、相位编码自检测量子随机数发生器是研究内容中的高可靠性方向。上述六个方面的研究内容对应发表SCI论文20篇，申请发明专利2项。这些研究成果将为更高速率、更可靠地产生真随机数提供新的思路和科学依据。