基于高分子的离子特异性效应调控超级电容器储能机制

It is of great significance to study the modulation of the energy storage mechanisms of supercapacitors by ion specificities of polymers because these studies will be of great significance to the innovation and development of the ion-based electrochemical energy storage strategies. In this project, the supercapacitor is employed as the model system to study how the ion specificities of polymers can be applied to modulate the mechanisms of electrochemical energy storage. We aim at several important problems in the field of supercapacitors from the perspective of the ion specificities of polymers. Specifically, (i) Inhibiting the self-discharge phenomena of supercapacitors through the specific interactions between the ions and the polymer hybrid electrodes. (ii) Modulating the formation of ion migration channel through the specific interactions between the ions and the polymer gel electrolytes. (iii) Regulating the ion adsorption mechanisms in the confined spaces of the electrodes through the specific interactions between the ions and the polymer hybrid electrodes or between the ions and the polymer gel electrolytes near the electrodes. (iv) Clarifying the important theoretical controversies in the energy storage mechanisms of supercapacitors through the specific smart ion effects in the polymer systems. The implementation of this project will deepen and expand our recognition of the relationship between the ion specificities of polymers and the energy storage mechanisms of supercapacitors. The implementation of this project will also provide the ideas and form a basis for designing and development of the next generation of polymer-based supercapacitors.

研究基于高分子的离子特异性效应调控超级电容器储能机制，对于创新和发展以离子为核心的电化学能量存储机制有重要意义。本项目计划以超级电容器为研究对象，将高分子的离子特异性效应引入电化学储能领域，针对超级电容器研究领域中存在的几个重要科学问题，从高分子体系离子特异性效应的角度出发加以解决。具体如下：利用离子与高分子杂化电极间的特异性相互作用，抑制自放电现象；利用离子与高分子凝胶电解质间的特异性相互作用，调控凝胶电解质中离子迁移通道的形成；利用离子与高分子杂化电极以及电极附近高分子凝胶电解质间的特异性相互作用，调控离子在电极材料受限空间中的吸附机制；利用高分子体系中特异性智能离子效应，澄清超级电容器储能机制中的一些重要理论争议。本项目的实施，将加深和拓展我们对高分子的离子特异性效应与超级电容器储能机制间关系的认识，为设计和开发新一代高分子基超级电容器提供研究思路和实验依据。

研究高分子的离子特异性效应，并调控超级电容器的储能机制，对于创新和发展以离子为核心的电化学能量存储机制有重要意义。本项目中，项目负责人系统研究了不同高分子体系的离子特异性效应，并实现了对超级电容器储能机制的调控。具体如下：阐明了聚电解质-中性高分子以及聚两性离子-中性高分子共聚物体系中离子特异性效应的机理；澄清了聚电解质在高浓度盐溶液条件下再溶解行为的离子特异性特征；实现了利用离子特异性效应控制聚两性离子水凝胶的性质；通过聚两性离子凝胶电解质抑制了超级电容器的自放电；以聚两性离子水凝胶作为基体，通过调控电解质本体和界面性质提升了超级电容器的性能；基于聚两性离子，将高分子氧化还原对与高分子水凝胶隔膜相结合，提升了超级电容器的电化学性能。此外，项目负责人还发展了一种超分子凝胶电解质，以解决高分子凝胶电解质基超级电容器电化学性能强烈依赖于电极厚度这一难题。本项目的实施，为设计和开发新一代高分子基超级电容器提供了参考。