农地确权对农地流转的影响与应对研究 ——基于农村劳动力转移的视角

Fragmentation of farmland management faces many problems. Therefore, promoting the moderate scale management of farmland by farmland circulation is the direction of agriculture development.The central government intends to promote farmland circulation by farmland titiling which is in continuous advance.The subject believes that although farmland titling can directly affect farmland transformation by its economic effects such as reducing the transaction cost,stabling revenue expectations , this direct influence is limited if the rural labor force can not be transfered effectively.Based on this, compared with direct influence, we will pay more attention to research the indirect effects ,which is produced when farmland influence farmland transformation by affecting the transfer of rural labor force.In addition,in order to maximize the positive effect of rural labor transfer and farmland titling to farmland transformation,this project will research in-depth on their history, status quo and problems , and then design and evaluate the corresponding solutions, so as to provide feasible policy recommendations to farmland transformation.

农地细碎化经营面临诸多问题，因此，进行农地流转从而促进农地适度规模经营是农业的发展方向。当前中央政府意图通过农地确权的方式促进农地流转，并且，当前农地确权的步伐也在不断推进。本课题认为，尽管农地确权本身的经济效应（如降低农地流转的交易成本、稳定交易双方的收益预期等）会直接对农地流转产生影响，但是，在中国农村人多地少，从而人地矛盾尖锐的情况下，如果农村劳动力不能有效转移，农地确权对农地流转的直接影响是有限的。基于此，本课题在研究农地确权对农地流转直接影响的同时，将重点考察农地确权通过影响农村劳动力转移而对农地流转产生的间接影响，并且，为了更大程度发挥农村劳动力转移与农地确权对农地流转的正效应，本课题还将对农村劳动力转移以及农地确权的历史、现状、问题进行深入研究，在此基础上，设计相应解决方案，并对方案进行评估，从而为农地的高效流转提供可行的政策建议。

加快农地流转从而促进农地适度规模经营是我国农业的发展方向。中央政府意图通过农地确权的方式促进农地流转。本课题认为，在中国农村人多地少从而人地矛盾尖锐的情况下，如果农村劳动力不能有效转移，农地确权对农地流转的直接影响是有限的，而农地确权可能通过影响劳动力转移间接作用于农地流转。通过利用全国大样本微观调查数据进行一系列研究，本课题发现，农地确权不仅显著提高了农户的农地转出概率，增加了流转面积，直接推动农地流转，而且有助于保障农户的权益，激励劳动力向外转移，间接推动了农地流转。但是，在我国城乡二元制度下，劳动力转移具有不确定性和动态性，其中涉及到户籍制度、社会保障制度、农业补贴制度等多项制度。因此，在推动农地流转过程中，需要秉持多制度协同变革的系统性思维，设计制定相关政策。