基于生化与物化耦合的富营养化水体快速修复技术及协同修复机制

Study on developing a technology for rapid removal of the pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in the eutrophic water has been addressed as an important and difficult issue in the research of polluted water remediation because the eutrophication problem still could not be solved effectively and thoroughly by the conventional biological or physicochemical treatment methods. Thus, it has an important significance to research and develop an advanced technology for the remediation of eutrophic water and the removal mechanism for the pollutants. The objective of this study is to develop an integrated coupled system called Floating Green Island combining the aerobic environment of aquatic plants with the biochemical environment of catalytic internal electrolysis bio-carrier for removing nitrogen and phosphorus in the eutrophic water. In the integrated coupled system, the in-situ rapid and thorough removal for the pollutants of nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in the eutrophic water can be achieved by the biochemical cycle of biological metabolism and chemical elements such as iron. Simultaneously, the oxidation-reduction reaction and transfer of pollutants together with the solidification of phosphorus, heavy metal, etc. in the sediments can be promoted. Eventually, an advanced and integrated synergism remediation mechanism can be formed in this coupled system for rapid removal of pollutants in the eutrophic water. The key points of this research are as follows: 1) To establish the integrated coupled system combining micro environment of aquatic plants with that of catalytic internal electrolysis bio-carrier; 2) To explore and study the coupled reaction mechanism among aquatic plant, microorganism and bio-carrier in the coupled system; 3) To study the interaction mechanism between the coupled system and the chemical elements such as nitrogen, iron, sulfur, phosphorus and carbon in eutrophic water and sediments, and the responding rules of biocoenosis and dominant microflora to the interaction. 4) To ascertain the adaptability of the coupled system to different water in different seasons and the optimal working condition of the coupled system for the remediation of the eutrophic water. The research results can provide an advanced technology for rapid and thorough remediation of the eutrophic water and serve as a significant reference for the future study.

由于常规物化和生物技术无法快速彻底解决水体富营养化问题，故发展富营养化水体氮、磷等污染物的快速去除技术一直是污染水体修复领域研究的重点和难点。因此研究富营养化水体新的修复技术及污染物脱除机理有重要意义。本项目旨在研制一种将水生植物的好氧环境与催化微电解生物载体的微环境于一体的脱氮除磷浮游绿岛耦合体系统，通过耦合体内生物代谢和铁循环，实现原位快速去除水体中氮、磷等污染物，并促使底泥中污染物的氧化还原与迁移转化以及磷、重金属等物质的固化，形成一体化协同修复机制。其研究关键点：1）水生植物与催化微电解生物载体的耦合体系统构建；2）探究耦合体中水生植物、微生物及载体化学反应的耦合机制；3）研究耦合体与水体及底泥中氮、铁、硫、磷、碳间的相互作用机制及生物群落、功能优势菌群的响应规律；4）探明耦合体针对不同季节不同水体的适应性及最佳修复工况。研究成果可为快速彻底修复富营养化水体提供技术支撑和理论借鉴。

常规物化和生物技术无法快速彻底解决水体富营养化问题，故研究富营养化水体新的快速修复技术及污染物脱除机理有重要意义。本项目基于自制催化微电解生物载体研制了一种将水生植物的好氧环境与铁碳微电解生物载体于一体的脱氮除磷浮游绿岛耦合系统。项目构建了水生植物与催化微电解生物载体的耦合体系统，考察了耦合系统中氮、磷的转化规律及叶绿素a浓度和藻类细胞形态的变化，阐释了耦合体中水生植物、微生物及载体化学反应的耦合机制，以及耦合体与水体及底泥中氮、铁、硫、磷、碳间的相互作用机制，揭示了自制催化微电解生物载体在耦合体系对水体的协同修复中起关键作用。.项目通过研究耦合系统对富营养化水体底泥的修复作用表明，生物载体可有效去除底泥中的NO3--N、NH4+-N和有机N，将不稳定的P化合物（钙磷化合物）转移并固定为惰性P化合物（铁磷化合物），从而实现富营养化水体中藻类的灭杀和抑制，同时有效减缓氮和磷从底泥到上覆水的释放。项目阐明了耦合体与水体及底泥中藻类、氮、磷、铁等的相互作用机制，自制催化微电解生物载体可阻隔水体和底泥之间的污染物传递，减缓污染物由沉积物向上覆水体的释放，同时通过化学与生物耦合过程实现水体和底泥中污染物的同步去除。.此外，本项目成功将基于自制催化微电解生物载体的浮游绿岛应用于富营养化景观水体的修复，经过50天的修复，叶绿素a、TN、TP、COD去除率分别达90.7%、94.4%、75.1%和97.0%，水体水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中的III类水质标准。该项目的研究成果补充了富营养化水体快速修复技术工艺的不足，同时可为城市富营养化水体内氮、磷等污染物的控制及水体的快速修复提供技术和理论支持，具有重要的科学价值和应用前景。