基于优化本土形态特征的宁夏城市街廓控制方法研究

Urban design will play an important role in controlling the physical form of urban space, in the process of urban regeneration and urban space local optimization in Ningxia cities. By controlling block form, urban design reshapes the block space, optiimizes local features and space quality, which is related to cityscape and comfortability that people experience in the city. In the control method, urban design guidelines carry out quantitative indicators to control the form of block plan and plot buildings and block interface, but because of influence of terrain from Ningxia north central plains to southern loess mountain and because of native connotation of Hui nationality , plot and use and courtyard space and architecture features are very complexity, the indistinct between the effects of existing city rules, and the local attribute and multiple standard of space quality, the indicators is difficult to implement in many actual situations. Therefore, on the goal of optimization of local features and space quality, this project selects several typical block samples, establishes the multi-factor comprehensive classification method by analyzing the local archetypal symbol of block and morphological characteristics, establishes the controllable interval of block form in the existing city rules system by analyzing the relationship of control index, and completes the control indicators by evaluating the space quality and local attribute based on design experiments, for exploring the control method of Ningxia city block. The research results are operational and will provide scientific basis for thecontrol of physical form of block space.

宁夏正面临城市更新、城市空间本土优化的需求，在对形态精细化控制层面，城市设计发挥重要作用。其中通过控制街廓形态来重塑街廓空间、优化本土特征和空间质量，关系到人对城市风貌和舒适性的直接体验。在控制方法上，城市设计导则推行量化指标来控制街廓平面、地块建筑与街廓界面等形态，然而由于宁夏受中北部平原向南部黄土山地过渡地形、回族聚居本土内涵等影响，权属地块与功能、院落空间与建筑等特征复杂，现行管控法规对形态作用不清晰、本土属性和空间质量标准不一等原因，指标在很多实际情况下难以落实。为此，研究以优化本土特征和空间质量为目标，选取典型样本，通过分析现状街廓地块建筑本土原型符号与形态特征规律确立多因素综合分类法，通过分析控制指标关联性确立现行管控法规下街廓形态可控区间，通过加载本土特征属性的评估指标并进行设计实验完善控制指标，探索可操作性强的街廓控制方法。研究成果将为宁夏城市街廓空间形态管控提供科学依据。

宁夏正面临城市更新、城市空间本土优化的需求，在对形态精细化控制层面，城市设计发挥重要作用。其中通过控制街廓形态来重塑街廓空间、优化本土特征和空间质量，关系到人对城市风貌和舒适性的直接体验。在控制方法上，城市设计导则推行量化指标来控制街廓平面、地块建筑与街廓界面等形态，然而由于宁夏受中北部平原向南部黄土山地过渡地形、回族聚居本土内涵等影响，权属地块与功能、院落空间与建筑等特征复杂，现行管控法规对形态作用不清晰、本土属性和空间质量标准不一等原因，指标在很多实际情况下难以落实。为此，研究以优化本土特征和空间质量为目标，选取典型样本，通过分析现状街廓地块建筑本土形态特征和确立多因素综合分类法，通过分析控制指标与街廓地块形态特征的关联性，提出加载本土特征属性的评估指标并完善街廓控制的形态指标方法，探索可操作性强的街廓控制方法。同时项目对比调研和研究了东南沿海发展较好的南京和宁波等城市，融入地方传统建筑形态特征的城市街廓控制方法，为优化本土形态的宁夏城市街廓控制方法提供借鉴的经验。研究成果将为可为宁夏及我国精细化城市设计管控与环境品质提升、修改与完善国家城市设计规范和城市规划和建筑法规、响应国际可持续城市发展的社会经济和历史保护目标等方面提供重要参考依据和应用前景。