欠发达农区专业村区域效应的研究——以河南省为例

The specialized villages, which formed as a microcosmic space of specialization and scale of agricultural production, not only drive the development of village-level economy, but also could play a role in demonstration, leading its surrounding villages and production units, and forming specific regional effects. The regional effect of specialized village (RESV), which this study will focus on, is significant in exploring the diversity ways of regional specialized production. However, the RESV’s research achievements are few so far. In view of this, the study intends to choose villages in Henan Province as cases, and analyze the background of RESV’s formation with data collected from official statistics and investigations. Furthermore, according to the regional social and natural elements flows, it will take different types and different levels of development specialized villages as cases, and adopt such methods as GIS spatial analysis and regression analysis, and the spatial features as well as formation mechanism are analyzed from the perspective of spatial interaction and space diffusion of production factors respectively. The questions, which from the spatial expression regularity of specialized village, the possibility of the RESV that could enlarge into a regional specialization production, the interpretation of the phenomenon of RESV by geography economics and regional economic theories, are discussed in this study. The purpose of this study is to provide theory references and policy suggestions for rural development and agricultural areas’ specialization constructions.

专业村作为农业生产专业化、规模化的微观空间表现形式，不仅带动着一村经济的发展，更对周边村域、生产单元产生着示范、带动作用，形成了专业村特有的区域效应。专业村区域效应的研究，对探寻区域生产专业化的多样化实现途径意义重大。但目前有关专业村区域效应的研究成果却较少。鉴于此，本项目拟以中国中部欠发达农区——河南省为例，运用各县市官方统计数据、实地调研数据，分析专业村区域效应发生的背景。在此基础上，选取不同类型、不同发展水平的专业村作为案例，根据经济要素、区域社会自然要素流向，运用GIS空间分析、计量回归分析等方法，分别从空间相互作用视角、生产要素空间扩散视角，分析专业村区域效应的空间表现特征、生成机制。探讨专业村区域效应空间表达的规律性问题、专业村区域效应的持续放大能否形成区域生产专业化的问题、专业村区域效应现象如何用地理学、经济学理论解释的问题，为我国农区经济发展、农业区域专业化建设提供理论参。

专业村区域效应的研究对探寻区域生产专业化的多样化实现途径意义重大，对通过专业村的发展进而提升农区经济整体发展水平的欠发达传统农区，尤为重要。以河南省不同类型专业村为例，运用统计数据和典型专业村的调查数据，从村域经济差异及其空间演化规律、专业村区域效应的空间特征及影响因素、专业村集聚时空演化的内在机理、农户生产行为决策等方面，探讨了专业村区域效应发生的背景、空间表现形式和发生机制、专业村区域效应的实践应用等内容；基本弄清了中国中部欠发达农区专业村与周边区域相互作用的空间表现形式及发生机制；归纳了不同类型、不同发展水平专业村空间相互作用的规律性特征；找出了以专业村为突破口、以专业村区域效应的持续放大为途径，实现区域生产专业化的可能方式。本项目的研究发现可运用于以专业村为突破口逐步实现特色农业生产区域化、规模化、产业化的“特色农产品优势区”的培育当中。