中国典型农区专业村集聚的地域模式与路径优化研究：以河南省为例

The relationship between agglomeration of specialized villages and rural development has become an important research topic in these national development strategies of building a comprehensive well-off society, promoting the modernization of agriculture and constructing new socialist countryside, and the agglomeration of specialized villages is an important engine of rural development, and also an important starting point to remedy agricultural and rural short board. Taking agglomeration of specialized villages as the breakthrough point and its spatiotemporal evolution as the key issue, the project aims to explore the regional patterns, the evolution law and the spatial interface theory on the base of these repeated investigations of specialized villages in Henan Province. The main research topics of this project include the following items, the regional patterns demarcation for agglomeration of specialized villages, the netting process simulation during the agglomeration, the formation and promotion for the core competitiveness of agglomeration of specialized villages, path optimization for space resources and policy design for rural areas. We will pay more attention to the main train of thought as regional patterns, process mechanism, path optimization, and practical application, the results not only can reflect the ideas to enhance the core competitiveness of rural areas, accelerate the industrial integration of rural areas and solve many new problems of these issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area, but also can coordinate mutual driving and promoting relationship between the new urbanization and new rural construction. On one hand, it can provide theoretical reference for rural development decision at different spatial scales. On the other hand, it can provide practical reference for the development of other rural areas. Furthermore, it can also form the spatial interface theory of rural economy development with Chinese characteristics through academic exchanges at home and abroad.

在全面建成小康社会、推进农业现代化、社会主义新农村建设等国家发展战略中，专业村集聚是农区发展中的重要引擎，是加快补齐农业农村短板的重要抓手。该项目以专业村集聚为切入点，将专业村集聚演化作为关键问题，拟通过对河南省专业村的多次调查，探求专业村集聚的地域模式、演变规律及其空间界面理论。主要研究内容包括：专业村集聚的地域模式划分、专业村集聚过程中的结网过程模拟、专业村集聚（团块）的核心竞争力形成及其提升、空间资源的路径优化与农区政策设计等。围绕“地域模式、过程机理、路径优化、实践应用”等主线，本项目将集中反映农区的核心竞争力提升思路，加快农区产业融合，破解“三农”新难题，注重协调新型城镇化与新农村建设之间的互驱、互促共进关系，从而为不同空间尺度农区发展提供相关决策理论参考，为其他农区发展提供实践借鉴。并通过国内外学术交流，形成中国特色的乡村经济发展的空间界面理论。

在中部崛起、乡村振兴及精准扶贫等系列国家发展战略下，专业村集聚与农区发展关系成为一个重要的研究课题。该项目以专业村为切入点，将专业村集聚的地域模式与路径优化作为关键问题，在对2008年河南省487个专业村调研的基础上，2017年再次调研668个专业村，形成数据矩阵。在以下方面取得重要进展：（1）完善了专业村集聚的地域模式划分。乡村发展模式可划分为城市带动型、传统农业型、特色种植（养殖）型、生产资料工业带动型、采掘业带动型、旅游业带动型等模式；专业村集聚划分为热点区、次热点区、不显著区、次冷点区和冷点区五种类型。（2）开展了专业村集聚的时空演化特征刻画。专业村集聚的热点与次热点区域的演化沿着“中心—外围”的路径扩散，冷点与次冷点区域由零星散布到逐渐转向连片分布；淘宝专业村集聚变化呈现出“初期连续平稳式增长、近期快速跳跃式增长”的时间演化和“均质分散到局部集聚”的空间演变等发展态势；旅游专业村集聚受地形、河流、道路和中心城镇的影响较大；专业村集聚的网络密度、网络集中度均呈上升趋势，集聚优势更加凸显。（3）进行了专业村集聚的空间优化路径探索。从系统论视角阐释了三产融合型专业村集聚演化路径，从中心-外围模型视角阐释了旅游型专业村集聚的多维度演化路径，“基于内源发展的专业村空间界面”视角阐释了黄河流域专业村集聚的演化路径，增强政府对人才的激励、加大政府对技术的推广、提升政府对金融的支持等措施有利于专业村集聚功效的发挥。（4）探索了专业村集聚的空间界面理论。基于数理视角验证了空间界面存在性，对城乡界面动态模型进行了数量模型刻画，并对界面的类型以及城乡界面时空演化与分异进行实证。（5）丰富了专业村集聚的农区政策设计。专业村集聚演化发展的形成期，政府可加强发展方向上的引导和良好经济环境的营造；专业村集聚演化发展的成长期，政府可为专业村集聚的结构转型和质量提升提供制度保障；专业村集聚演化发展的成熟期，政府应加强本地专业化项目的整体实力和竞争力提升；专业村集聚演化的可持续发展，政府应注重制度创新。