异地商会与企业发展：空间、机制与效果

The influence of intermediary organizations on corporate governance and development has been widely confirmed, but few researchers have paid attention to the role of the civil intermediary organization, specifically business associations (BA). As the result of the development market economy and the transformation of government functions, BA has become a non-negligible economic and social force. It has acted as a bridge between government and market, which has numbered over 44,000 by the end of 2016. In view of this, we take the establishment of cross-regional BA as a quasi-natural experiment, investigate the influence of cross-regional BA on the cross regional development of enterprises and the mechanisms of this from the perspective of investment, procurement and sales. In particular, this project investigates the following four specific questions. 1. The function of BA as well as the process and mechanism of its influence on enterprises’ cross regional development; 2. The influence of cross-regional BA on enterprises’ cross-regional investment and investment mode and the economic consequences; 3. The influence of cross-regional BA on the relationship between enterprises and their suppliers/customers and the economic consequences; 4. The influence of regional characteristics, enterprises characters and enterprises’ entering modes on the function of cross-regional BA. This project will provide empirical evidence for the impact of cross-regional BA on enterprises’ development, and it is helpful to understand the role and mechanism of cross-regional BA in economic development. What’s more, this project will not only provide guidance to the government in the aspect of regularize BA, but also provide guidance to the firm in the aspect of participate BA. This project will promote the process of transformation of government functions and the reform of the party and state.

中介组织对公司治理和企业发展的影响被广泛证实，但鲜有学者关注自律性中介组织商会的作用。而作为市场经济发展和政府职能转变的产物，商会具有弥补政府和市场双重失灵的功能，其数量在2016年底就已超过4.4万，是一股不可忽视的经济和社会力量。鉴于此，本项目拟以异地商会成立为准自然实验，从投资、采购和销售三个维度考察异地商会对企业异地发展的影响及影响机制，具体而言：①分析商会职能及其在企业异地发展中的作用机制与过程；②实证研究异地商会对企业异地投资程度和模式的影响及其效果；③分别研究异地商会对企业供应商和客户关系的影响及其经济后果；④研究地区特征、企业特征和企业参与方式对异地商会作用的调节效应。项目将首次为异地商会对公司治理和发展的影响提供实证证据，有助于理解商会在经济发展中的作用及作用机制；项目也将为政府如何规范商会和企业如何参与商会提供指导，对推动政府职能转变，深化党和国家机构改革具有借鉴意义。

作为市场经济发展和政府职能转变的产物，商会具有弥补政府和市场双重失灵的功能，其数量在2016年底就已超过4.4万，是一股不可忽视的经济和社会力量,但鲜有学者关注其职能和作用。项目重点对异地商会这一正式社会网络是否能帮助企业突破跨地区发展障碍。研究主要研究内容包括：首先，项目研究了异地商会能否促进企业跨区域发展，研究发现异地商会显著促进了家乡企业向所在地投资，家乡地企业向异地商会所在地的新增子公司平均增加47.3%；其次，项目研究了异地商会如何通过降低信息成本和弱化市场分割推进两地贸易，研究发现异地商会使得从原籍地到当地的贸易流出提高了10%；最后，项目从异地并购的角度研究了异地商会能否提高资本跨区域配置效率，研究发现异地商会能够显著提升企业异地并购绩效。最后，项目研究了异地商会发挥作用的机制，研究发现其机制主要在于异地商会能够在市场中构建出正式的社会网络，降低地区间市场分割和信息成本，并且异地商会这种正式社会网络与市场化机制呈替代作用，在其不完善时发挥作用；与其他非正式社会网路也呈替代作用。本项目的研究成果拓展和丰富了社会网络影响企业发展障碍的相关研究，结论表明更好地促进和发挥异地商会这种正式社会网络作用，可能是解决我国区域间不平衡、不充分发展的重要微观路径。