渤海湾海底沉积物中放线菌多样性及抗菌活性的初步研究

The discovery of new antibiotics has become an important subject around the world with the widespread use of antibiotics and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.Finding Medicinal actinobacteria resources include new species and new species is one of the most important ways to discover new antibiotics. The probability of finding new actinobacteria resources and biologically substance from the general environment has become lower and lower. The development of new medicinal actinobacteria resource turned to extreme environment. The extreme conditions of seabed sediment environment, such as low temperature, high pressure and high salt, improved the possibilities of find new actinobacteria species and metabolites. The sediment samples used in this research were collected from Bohai Bay. The culture-depend research of the actinobacteria were used selective separation technology include sample pretreatment, different isolation medium and so on. Actinobacteria strains were selected to be tested their antimicrobial activity through the antibacteria screening model. Polyphasic taxonomic research of potential species were aimed to find new antibacteria species and compound-producing strains. The found of Bohai medicinal actinomycetes resource library will be a great support to the the discovery of novel structure compounds.

随着抗生素的广泛使用和耐药细菌的不断出现，快速发现高效、优质新抗生素成为全世界的重要课题，发现包括新物种在内的新药用放线菌资源是发现新抗生素的最重要途径之一。由于从普通环境中发现新颖放线菌资源及生物活性物质的概率越来越低，极端环境逐渐成为新药用放线菌资源开发的前沿阵地。海底环境有着低温、高压、高盐等诸多极端条件，为寻找新物种和新活性产物带来了极大的可能性。本研究采集渤海湾海底沉积物作为样品，对其中的药用放线菌资源进行研究，主要开展以下工作：通过不同的样品预处理方式、设计多种分离培养基等选择性分离技术对放线菌进行纯培养研究，结合体外抗菌筛选模型对菌株进行活性筛选，并对潜力菌株和潜在新菌种进行多项分类研究，以期发现新菌种或其他可以产生新颖活性物质的放线菌，初步构建渤海药用放线菌资源库，为后续新颖结构先导化合物的发现奠定基础。

随着抗生素的广泛使用和耐药细菌的不断出现，快速发现高效、优质新抗生素成为全世界的重要课题，发现包括新物种在内的新药用放线菌资源是发现新抗生素的最重要途径之一。由于从普通环境中发现新颖放线菌资源及生物活性物质的概率越来越低，极端环境逐渐成为新药用放线菌资源开发的前沿阵地。海底环境有着低温、高压、高盐等诸多极端条件，为寻找新物种和新活性产物带来了极大的可能性。本研究采集渤海湾海底沉积物样品60余份，分离纯化得到1000多株放线菌纯培养物，经过初步排重后，进行了16S rDNA序列分析，得到3株潜在新菌种，并对其进行了多相分类研究。对其中的200多株放线菌进行小规模发酵，通过多种指示菌对其抗菌活性进行了筛选，得到活性较好的活性菌株68株，结合NRPS 、PKSⅠ和PKSⅡ等功能基因进行筛选，确定下一步研究的潜力菌株17株。目前课题组已对其中的三株潜力菌种的次级代谢产物进行研究，分离得到单体化合物30余个，经结构鉴定，新化合物6个。