考虑动态频率响应特性的低惯量电力系统规划方法研究

The development trend of high renewable energy penetration makes the inertia of power system decrease continuously. The dynamic frequency response of low-inertia power systems is becoming an important factor limiting the accommodation of renewable energy. Traditional power system planning methods based on steady-state power balance are no longer applicable. How to consider the low-inertia dynamic frequency constraints in the power system planning model and quantitatively evaluate the influence of low-inertia characteristic on the power generation structure of high renewable penetrated power systems has become a new challenge for power system planning. Therefore, this project will study the low-inertia power system planning model and method considering dynamic frequency constraints. Firstly, from the perspective of component modeling, a general method of dynamic frequency response modeling for power electronic components is proposed. From the perspective of mechanism analysis, the dynamic frequency response of low-inertia power systems is modeled and dynamic frequency constraints are constructed. On the basis of the above, from the perspective of planning optimization, a low-inertia power system planning method considering the dynamic frequency constraints is established, and a corresponding fast solution algorithm is proposed. Finally, from the perspective of empirical analysis, this project verifies the effectiveness of proposed methods on the northwest power grid of China in the face of a high penetration of renewable energy. We hope the research results will provide new ideas for the planning and research of power systems towards high renewable penetration.

高比例可再生能源并网的发展态势使得电力系统惯量持续下降。低惯量电力系统的频率响应特性逐渐成为限制可再生能源消纳的重要因素。传统基于稳态电力电量平衡的电力系统规划理论与方法不再适用，如何在电力规划模型中考虑低惯量动态频率约束，量化评估低惯量特性对高比例可再生能源电源形态结构的影响，成为电力系统规划的新挑战。为此，本项目将研究考虑动态频率响应特性的低惯量电力系统规划模型与方法，首先从元件建模角度出发，提出电力电子元件的频率响应特性通用化建模方法；从机理分析角度出发，建模低惯量电力系统的频率响应特性，构建系统动态频率约束；基于以上基础，从规划优化角度出发，建立计及系统动态频率约束的低惯量电力系统规划方法，并提出相应的快速求解算法；最后，从实证分析角度出发，面向高比例可再生能源并网，对中国西北电网进行实证分析，验证模型与方法的有效性。项目研究成果将为高比例可再生能源电力系统规划研究提供新的思路。

背景：高比例可再生能源并网的发展态势使得电力系统惯量持续下降。低惯量电力系统的频率响应特性逐渐成为限制可再生能源消纳的重要因素。传统基于稳态电力电量平衡的电力系统规划理论与方法不再适用，如何在电力规划模型中考虑低惯量动态频率约束，量化评估低惯量特性对高比例可再生能源电源形态结构的影响，成为电力系统规划的新挑战。.研究内容：本项目分别从元件建模、机理分析、规划优化和实证分析层面逐级递进开展研究，建立了考虑动态频率响应特性的低惯量电力系统规划方法。.重要成果：从元件建模角度出发，提出了电力电子元件的频率响应特性通用化建模方法。从机理分析角度出发，建立了低惯量电力系统的动态频率安全约束。从规划优化角度出发，提出了计及系统动态频率约束的低惯量电力规划方法。从实证分析角度出发，对西北的青海电网进行实证分析，验证方法有效性。从量化评估角度出发，面向双碳目标，针对全国电网开展了实证分析，量化分析了电网安全约束对电力低碳转型技术选择以及转型成本的影响。.关键数据：基于IEEE RTS算例的实证结果表明（1）相比已有文献的方法，所提出的频率动态响应建模方法在正确率、精确性及综合指标上都表现得更好；（2）所提的内嵌频率安全约束的机组组合模型有助于提升电力系统运行过程中的频率安全裕度；（3）考虑频率约束的规划模型相比于传统规划模型，需要增加火电装机与太阳能光热装机，以提升电力系统的整体惯量水平，保障电网安全。青海电网的实证结果表明，通过水-风-光-热-储一体化的可再生能源外送与优化，可充分利用太阳能光热发电的灵活性与惯量支撑，实现青海实现连续多日的全清洁能源供电。.科学意义：发表论文22篇，9篇被SCI收录，剩余有8篇被EI收录; 授权专利3项，软著2项。项目负责人荣获中电联电力科技创新一等奖、中国能源研究会学术创新一等奖，日内瓦国际发明展金奖等。研究成果能够为低惯量背景下高比例新能源电力系统规划提供理论和方法支撑。