情绪线索促进前瞻记忆的认知神经机制探究和应用

Prospective memory (PM) is a memory for future tasks, and its failure may have serious consequences for individuals and society. Current trend in this area is to investigate the interaction between emotion and PM. However, few studies looked into the influence of crucial factor of PM, the emotional cues on PM performance. Pilot results of an experiment conducted by applicant indicated that emotional cue enhanced PM performance suggested that the effects of emotional valence and arousal varied, and their mechanisms remained unclear. Current project will continue this investigation including behavioural and neural data ,especially by using the new concept and technique of brain functional connectivity, to probe into the cognitive and neural mechanism of benefit of emotional PM cues and uncover the key of the benefit. Moreover, we will innovatively apply the benefit of emotional cues in clinical populations with PM impairment, and explore the underlying neural mechanism, revealing the cognitive and neural processes of emotional cue in improving PM performance in these clinical groups. Conducting cognitive and brain function studies in both healthy and clinical populations will help revealing the cognitive and neural mechanism of this benefit of emotional cue on PM, providing a more comprehensive view of this scientific question; therefore the project is both innovative and has important implications.

前瞻记忆是对未来要完成任务的记忆，这种记忆的受损会给个体和社会都造成严重的后果。当前领域的研究热点是考察情绪和前瞻记忆的交互作用，但少有研究考察前瞻记忆的关键因素—“线索”的情绪性对前瞻记忆的影响。申请者初步的实验结果表明情绪线索可以提高前瞻记忆成绩，且提示情绪效价和唤醒度影响作用不同，但其机制尚未明晰。本项目将在此基础上进一步探索，从行为和脑功能两个层面, 特别是运用脑功能网络连接的新概念和技术，探讨情绪线索促进前瞻记忆的认知神经机制，揭示这一促进效应的关键。此外，我们还将创新性地将情绪线索促进效应在前瞻记忆缺损群体中进行应用，并探索这一效应的脑神经机制，揭示情绪线索改善临床群体前瞻记忆的认知和脑功能机制。在健康和临床群体同时进行认知实验和脑功能研究，将有助于更深入地探讨情绪线索促进前瞻记忆的认知和神经机制，为阐明这一科学问题提供更为全面的视角，具有较高的创新性和深远的应用前景。

本项目对情绪线索促进前瞻记忆的认知神经机制和应用进行了探索。研究一和二在健康大学生中发现，词语和图片情绪线索对前瞻记忆表现有显著提升，这一效应主要体现在情绪效价上，且负性比正性线索的促进效应更稳定。唤醒度受个体差异影响，结果不稳定。研究三发现，正性和负性线索对健康对照的前瞻记忆表现都有促进作用，但在抑郁症患者中，只有负性线索有促进作用。在精神分裂症患者中，只有对负性线索唤醒度知觉正常的患者表现出了负性线索的促进作用。研究四和五发现，强迫症患者在事件线索的前瞻记忆任务中存在反应时延长的特点，但这一结果并不稳定。和健康对照类似，强迫症患者也表现出了负性线索的促进效应。研究六的脑功能研究发现精神分裂症患者在前瞻记忆任务的执行上有更多动作计划相关脑区（中央旁回和中央后回）的激活，但情绪线索效应不显著。这些研究结果提示，情绪线索对健康群体和前瞻记忆存在缺损的群体都有促进作用，负性线索比正性线索的促进效应更稳定，唤醒度的作用需要继续探索。这些研究结果为情绪线索促进前瞻记忆提供了实证支持。同时，创新性地将这一成果应用于前瞻记忆存在缺损的临床群体也为未来治疗干预提供了理论依据。