动作操作促进联结记忆的认知神经机制

Research have demonstrated that memory for actions is usually better following subject-performed tasks (SPT) than verbal tasks (VT) in recognition memory tasks. This superiority of SPT over VT is known as the “enactment effect” or the “SPT effect”. Previous evidence for this SPT effect in recognition memory is mostly based on item recognition. Recently, our research for the first time demonstrate that enactment can also improve associative recognition. This project aims to address these issues: (1) what is the mechanism for the enhancement of binding of verb and object in everyday action memory after SPT (in comparison to VT)? (2) whether enactment could reduce the deficit in associative memory of actions and objects in Elderly? According to these issues, our project includes: (1) we test the behavioral, eye-movement and EEGs differences between SPT and VT in associative memory of verb and object, by using episodic priming, cue recognition and associative recognition paradigms in conjunction with ERPs, Eye-Tracking and the online combination of these two techniques. (2) we investigate the behavioral and EEGs differences in associative memory of actions and objects under SPT and VT between the older adults and young adults. This project will deepen our understanding of how enactment enhances action memory and also of the role of unitization in associative memory and advance both lines of research and theories of memory. Furthermore, and equally important, this project also promises practical progress of improving human learning and memory especially associative memory. For example, it may allow to offer advice for people having problems with associative memory, e.g., elderly, and to instruct them how to improve their associative memory by unitization during encoding.

研究发现相比语词任务（VT），动作操作任务（SPT）可以促进随后的记忆，此现象被称为SPT效应。以往关于动作操作促进记忆的证据多集中在项目记忆，申请人最近的研究首次发现动作操作也能促进动作与物体的联结记忆。本项目综合使用ERPs、眼动和两者同步技术，试图回答：（1）动作操作促进动作与物体的联结记忆的产生机制是什么？（2）动作操作是否可以缓解老年人动作与物体的联结记忆缺陷？针对以上问题，本项目的内容有：（1）结合线索再认、联结再认与启动范式探究SPT与VT条件下动作与物体的联结记忆的行为、眼动和神经活动差异；（2）探究老年人与年轻人在SPT与VT条件下动作与物体的联结记忆的行为和神经活动差异。本项目探究动作操作促进联结记忆的认知神经机制，将深化动作记忆SPT效应和整合对联结记忆的作用的认识，推动联结记忆、动作记忆等领域的研究，为改善人类学习与记忆提供科学依据。

研究发现相比语词任务（VT），动作操作任务（SPT）可以促进随后的记忆，此现象被称为SPT效应。本项目综合使用认知心理学实验方法结合ERPs和眼动技术，开展动作操作促进联结记忆的机制研究。主要研究内容包括：一是通过精心设计的认知心理学实验，探究SPT与VT条件下动作与物体的联结记忆的差异表现，考察主要影响因素，探究动作操作促进动作与物体的联结记忆的产生机制；二是考察老年人与年轻人在SPT与VT条件下动作与物体的联结记忆的表现差异，探究动作操作是否可以缓解老年人动作与物体的联结记忆缺陷。研究成果主要包括：（1）动作与物体的关联程度影响动作操作对联结再认的作用及其神经活动差异;（2）动作操作可以促进老年人动作与物体的联结再认记忆；（3）动作信息是动作与物体的联结记忆的SPT效应的关键因素；（4）朝向及特征变化影响联结记忆提取的神经活动和相似性评价的眼动模式；（5）有序与无序知觉的实时脑电活动表现差异。本项目的研究发现深化了动作记忆SPT效应和整合对联结记忆的作用的认识，推动联结记忆、动作记忆等领域的研究，为改善人类学习与记忆提供科学依据。