有机质与金属矿共存的微纳米尺度特征及成藏成矿机理

In recent years, the practice of exploration and development worldwide has shown that energy and metallic mineral deposits usually coexist in the same sedimentary basin. Researchers have also identified that the above two resources are genetically correlated with each other. This is an important strategic research field as regards energy resources, as well as a new area of tactical research on metallic mineral resources. Because of the complex spatiotemporal heterogeneity and evolutionary history of sedimentary basins in our country, which have created complicated deposit/metallogenic conditions for the coexistence of energy and metal deposits, a solution to this problem has become crucial. This project is based on multi-disciplinary research ideas, combined with modern and advanced scientific experiments and test methods, with the aim of conducting research into the relationship between the basin evolution, the organic matter, and the metallic deposit. The authors also aim to illuminate the evolution characteristics, at the micro-nanometer scale, of different types of organic matter and metallic deposits, as well as looking at the source of organic matter and the ore, as well as the migration process of the fluid. By taking in metallogenic experiments and a numerical simulation of the forming process, this project is also designed to define the behavior of organic matter and metallic deposits at the micro-nanometer scale. The objectives include a study of the interaction between organic matter and mineralization, along with the mineralization model in different sedimentary basins. Ultimately, the process and mineralization mechanism of coexistence of organic matter and metallic deposits will be revealed. These kinds of studies can enrich and develop the theoretical position and our understanding of the coexistence of mineralization in the basin. They can also provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive evaluation and collaborative exploration of various resources.

近年来，全世界范围内的勘探开发实践显示化石能源和金属矿床常共存于同一沉积盆地，并已发现二者在成因上密切相关，是化石能源矿产重要的战略研究领域，更是金属矿产重要的战略研究新领域。由于我国沉积盆地时空非均质性强和演化复杂，造成化石能源与金属矿床共存的成藏/成矿条件极其复杂，因而化石能源和金属矿床共存机理这一科学难题仍没有破解。该项目基于多学科交叉的研究思路，结合现代先进科学的测试与实验方法，以盆地演化与有机质和金属矿共存关系研究为基础，从微纳米尺度，阐明不同类型有机质与金属矿的演化特征、有机质与成矿物质来源及其流体的迁移过程；结合成矿物理实验以及成藏成矿过程数值模拟，明确有机质与金属矿在微纳米尺度上的表现形式，研究有机质与成矿物质的相互作用和成藏成矿模型，揭示有机质与金属矿共存的成藏成矿过程及其机理。这些研究可丰富和发展盆地成藏成矿共存理论与认识，并为多种资源综合评价和协同勘探提供科学依据。

近年来，全世界范围内的勘探开发实践显示化石能源和金属矿床常共存于同一沉积盆地，二者在成因上密切相关，是化石能源与金属矿产重要的研究领域。由于我国沉积盆地时空非均质性强、演化复杂，造成化石能源与金属矿床共存的成藏/成矿条件极其复杂，因而化石能源和金属矿床共存机理这一科学难题仍没有破解。该项目基于多学科交叉的研究思路，结合现代先进科学的测试与实验方法，以盆地演化与有机质和金属矿共存关系研究为基础，选择我国右江盆地典型的油气等有机质与微细浸染型（卡林型）金矿共存带作为重点研究对象，与兰坪盆地典型的油气等有机质与多金属矿共存带以及塔里木盆地西南地区气、煤等有机质与铜铅锌等多金属矿床共存带进行对比，从宏观到微观观测，分析了盆地演化与有机质和金属矿的共存关系及时空分布规律，系统研究了有机质与金属矿的共存类型；从微纳米尺度，研究了有机质与金属矿的共存特征，并由此探讨了有机质与成矿物质的来源及其流体的迁移过程，阐明了不同尺度上成藏成矿的差异性；通过综合研究和理论探索，研究了沉积盆地中有机质与成矿物质的相互作用和成藏成矿过程，从而揭示了有机质与金属矿共存的成藏成矿机理。获得的主要成果如下：查明了主要研究区卡林型金矿成矿时代，建立了右江等盆地演化与金属矿成矿的耦合关系，确定了有机流体演化及金属成矿的有利阶段；查明了宏观-微观-纳米不同尺度下金（矿体、元素）的主要赋存状态及其对成矿的指示作用；阐明了卡林型金矿成矿流体特征、来源、演化及其对成矿的控制机理。在盆地有机质与铜铅锌矿等多金属矿床研究的基础上，建立了有机质与金属矿的共存类型，查明了盆地演化中有机质参与金属成矿的微纳米尺度特征，阐明了其相互作用机制及模式。这些研究可丰富和发展盆地成藏成矿理论与认识，并为多种资源综合评价和协同勘探提供科学依据。