钩缓装置运行行为及其对大轴重重载列车制动安全影响机理研究

With the increase of the trian length and axle load, the effect of the run-time behavior of the coupler and buffer systems on the braking safety of the heavy haul train with heavy axle load is turn larger and larger, this research is focuses on this problem. The complicated coupler and buffer system dynamic model of the heavy haul train is setuped by take the coupler free rotating angle limits, nonlinear hysteresis characteristics, frictional arc surface on coupler tail and the timely changed coupler shoulder characteristic and the slacks between the two neighbored couplers into the dynamics model.Based on the simply freight car model which considered the lateral dynamics characteristics of the car, the heavy haul train with heavy axle load dynamics models with different configurations are modeled. The run-time behavior results of coupler and buffer systems under braking conditions on the straight, curve, ramp track are presented. The effect mechanism of the run-time behavior of the coupler and buffer system on the braking safety of the heavy haul train are reseraced in the work.Comparisons of longitudinal in-train forces and coupler and buffer system run-time behavior in different train configurations were also accomplished. The coupler and buffer system concerned line test of the heavy haul train were carried out. The simulated results are also compared to line experimental results so precise prediction and effective control of the run-time behavior of different coupler and buffer systems can be obtained by the optimsed train model. The configuration optimization of the heavy haul train with heavy axle load is realized through above research, and a selection procedure model for coupler and buffer systems for heavy haul trains is summarized, too. The research has a higher scientific value and engineering value.

随着列车编组长度及轴重的增加，车钩缓冲器运行行为对大轴重重载列车制动安全的影响越来越大，本项目将对此进行研究。将车钩偏转限位特性、缓冲器迟滞阻尼特性和钩尾弧面与从板的摩擦作用、实时性钩肩特性以及车钩之间的连挂间隙引入模型，建立完善的钩缓装置动力学模型。在考虑车辆横向动力学特性的基础上，建立各种编组模式大轴重重载列车动力学模型。研究制动工况下，列车在直线、曲线、坡道条件下钩缓装置的运行行为，分析钩缓装置运行行为对大轴重重载列车制动安全影响机理。对比不同列车编组方式对钩缓装置运行行为及车钩力分布的影响规律。开展钩缓装置运行行为相关试验，并将试验结果与仿真结果相结合，通过优化、改进模型，实现对大轴重重载列车钩缓装置运行行为的精确预测，并提出有效控制钩缓装置运行行为的措施。通过项目研究实现对大轴重重载列车编组模式的优化，明确大轴重重载列车钩缓装置选型依据，项目研究具有较高的科学价值和工程应用价值。

长大重载列车在制动工况存在钩缓装置失稳问题，严重时将导致脱轨事故。本项目从钩缓装置运行行为着手，研究其对大轴重重载列车制动安全的影响机理。从理论上分析了钩缓装置的运动关系、接触特性与受力状态，建立了考虑钩头、钩尾和缓冲器非线性特性的详细钩缓装置动力学模型。充分考虑车辆的横向动力学特性，建立了各种编组模式的重载列车动力学模型。分析了各型编组列车在直线、曲线、坡道制动工况下车钩结构和缓冲器力学特性参数对机车脱轨系数、车钩力、车钩摆角等安全指标的影响，明确了钩缓装置运行行为对大轴重重载列车制动安全影响机理，评价了列车制动、连挂时的安全性和稳定性，给出了钩缓装置的选型及匹配建议。开展了缓冲器力学特性试验，分析了缓冲器刚度和阻尼特性对列车纵向动力学性能的影响。开展了重载列车常用全制动、平直道紧急制动、长大坡道循环制动等线路运行试验，实测所得的动力学响应数据、运行行为支撑了项目的机理研究和仿真分析结论。研究结果表明：在直线、曲线、坡道三种工况下，100型扁销车钩搭配QKX-100缓冲器、102型圆销车钩搭配NC390缓冲器两种钩缓装置均可满足重载列车安全运输要求；不同编组方式会对列车纵向冲动动力学及钩缓装置动态行为产生不同程度影响，采用“1+1”型列车编组模式可有效降低车钩力和缓冲器耗能，提高钩缓装置的运行安全性；充分利用车钩的自稳钩能力可从根本上有效提高机车承压安全性；提高钩尾摩擦系数、钩缓装置装配精度和车体横向定位刚度等措施可以提高车钩自稳钩能力，保证机车制动承压时的运行安全。.本项目研究通过理论分析、动力学仿真和线路试验相结合的方法，完成了钩缓装置运行行为及其对大轴重重载列车制动安全影响的机理性分析，为我国重载列车钩缓装置选型、参数匹配、列车编组及操纵方法等问题提供了理论依据和技术支持。发表论文26篇，其中SCI检索论文12篇、EI检索论文10篇。