胶西北滨海深部含金构造探测与采动灾害防控机理研究

The key basic problems coastal deep Au-bearing structure exploration and interpretation, inoculation, prediction and controlling of ground pressure disaster induced by mining are related to the geologic circumstance, tectonics, regional stress field and mining disturbance. The geology information interpretation, positive inversion analysis and knowledge-driven modeling approach have been developed based on the multi-sources and heterogeneity of coastal deep Au-bearing structure exploration, the 3D geological frame model with high resolution of coastal deep Au-bearing structure will be building-up, which will be useful to describe the geological structure and lithology. The rock mass classification and mechanical parameters of rock mass have been assessed and calculated based on core, occurrence condition and tectonics of exploration geology information, which are applied to regional scale MAP3D model with Au-bearing structure. The equivalent materials and the numerical method have been employed to study the evolution of stress (displacement) field and the non-linear deformation, damage, failure under different mining condition. The analysis method of monitoring, calculation and dynamic inversion based on combination of rock mass deformation monitoring, microseism, and regional scale deformation have been developed, the law of energy accumulation, transferring and dissipation, and disaster-causing mechanism have been presented under mining condition. The dynamic controlling mechanism and method induced by mining activity have been developed based on space-time inversion and discrimination, which provide for basic mechanism of the safety, high-efficiency mining for coastal deep Au-bearing resources.

围绕滨海深部含金构造探测，采动诱发地压灾害孕育、预测和控制等相关的地质环境、构造条件、区域应力场及开采扰动作用等关键性基础问题，研究滨海深部含金构造探测多源异构地质信息解译、正反演分析与知识驱动建模方法，构建滨海深部高分辨含金构造三维地质框架模型，实现地质构造及岩性的精准表征；基于钻孔岩芯、岩体赋存条件及构造的地质探测信息，进行岩体质量分级与岩体力学参数估算，叠加到区域尺度含金构造三维数值模型（MAP3D）中，相似材料试验和数值分析不同采动诱发海床岩体非线性变形-损伤-破裂-演化过程及其应力（位移）场演化规律；开发集海床岩移变形监测、微地震活动与矿区尺度形变相结合的监测-计算-动态反演分析平台，揭示采动诱致含金构造体内能量积聚-迁移-释放规律与致灾机理；基于采动灾害时空反演与判别，提出采动地压动态调控理论与方法，为滨海深部含金构造探测与安全高效、开采奠定理论基础。

围绕三山岛-仓上、焦家断裂带等胶西北滨海深部含金构造带，应用地质钻孔勘探、高精度磁测和音频大地电磁法等综合探测方法，探测三山岛-仓上构造带西岭区域1500m以深含金构造，辨识区域构造地磁场特征，解译出“U”字型区域低阻异常带；依据地质钻孔岩芯，系统研究了胶西北金矿带深部矿岩体岩石力学力学性态特征，开发了岩性智能识别分析系统和地质岩芯RQD智能识别方法，建立了新型矿山实用岩体分级方法。通过对地质钻孔岩芯RQD进行空间变异性分析和归一化处理，采用克里金插值算法，构建了矿山三维可视化工程灾害模型，使其与深部采掘工程融合，揭示了深部采动岩体结构和矿山工程的内在关联特征；针对应变软化岩体，提出了一种采用广义Hoek-Brown屈服准则的圆形开挖体围岩应力、变形与破坏自相似算法，建立差异化采动岩体损伤本构；创建了基于采动岩体失稳响应的深部采场结构设计方法，研发了基于采场预控顶的下向中深孔梯段式落矿方法；构建数值模拟、地表沉降监测与微地震监测相融合的深部采动岩体失稳响应分析方法，正反演分析深部采动对地压演化、迁移规律；开发了基于采动诱发岩体失稳/潜在岩体失稳比的采动岩体失稳判据，研判深部采动作用下采场围岩结构的稳定性及其失稳响应特征；基于微震监测数据和地震学分析原理，提出基于模板匹配的层析成像分析方法及流程；揭示了深部时空差异性采动诱发区域性岩体结构失稳响应特征和致灾机理及其对地表沉降的影响；创立了超前序次动态释压调控理论，研发了新型J抗岩爆释能锚杆，完成静动载作用下室内释能锚杆试验，建立了释能锚杆动力冲击承载力学模型，提出释能锚杆支护理论及设计方法，形成了旨在解决深部采动地压防控的基础理论和技术体系，应用上述研究成果成功解决了三山岛金矿等深部金属矿山采动灾害防控难题，多项科研成果被评价为国际领先水平，推动了深部金属矿开采行业进步。