基于岩体动力响应特征的岩爆灾害控制方法

Rockburst induced rockmass dynamic failure is a major restriction to deep mining in a safe and efficient manner. Based on engineering geomechanics and geophysics theories, continuous real-time monitoring of rockburst generation and progression was achieved by implementing tri-vector displacement meters, borehole stress meters, microseismic monitoring system and high speed photography technique. By doing so, important data information such as host rock stress, triaxial strain, rockburst source parameters and host rock dynamic response can be provided. Rockburst source parameters and rockmass dynamic response information were interpreted by studying the derived continuous multi-dimensional monitoring data. With the aid of the harmonic oscillator model in seismology, a mathematic model that simulates rockmass dynamic response in rockbursts was built based on the interpreted information. This mathematic model can analyze characteristic parametersof the rockmass dynamic response in different spatial locations of the underground opening and hence provide fundamental data for rockmass stability control in burst-prone ground conditions.Based on the knowledge of energy-absorption bolts, a dynamic support system, which is capable of absorbing rockburst energy and resisting impact loading, was designedaccording to the principle of energy accumulation and dissipation. This support system can bear large displacement induced by dynamic loading and resist disturbance caused by rockburst repeated impact while maintaining its service function in the underground openings. Design of such support system is essential to eliminate and mitigate rockburst hazards.

岩爆诱发的岩体动力破坏一直是制约深井矿床安全高效开采的核心问题。本研究以工程地质力学、地球物理学等理论为基础，应用三向滑动位移计、钻孔应力计、微震监测、高速摄影对岩爆孕育、发生过程进行连续实时监测，获取围岩体应力、三向应变、岩爆源特征、围岩动力响应等多源数据信息；对连续采集的多维数据信息进行挖掘，提取岩爆源特征与岩体动力响应信息，借助地震学阻尼谐振子模型，建立岩爆诱发的岩体动力响应数学模型，解析巷道不同空间位置动力响应特征参数，以此作为岩爆倾向性岩体稳定性控制的基础数据；基于能量积聚与耗散原理、释能锚杆，研发一套既能吸收岩爆释放能量，又能抵抗冲击荷载作用的矿山动力支护系统，该支护系统不仅能承受动力荷载诱发的大变形，又能保持其巷道服务功能，且免于岩爆反复冲击扰动，为有效控制和减轻岩爆灾害奠定基础。

本项目建立了含地质结构的三维数字模型，开发了一套岩体多源数据监测系统（位移、应力与微地震等组成）;提出基于采动应力的深部采场结构参数量化计算方法；为定量计算采场结构尺寸与深部采动灾害分析提供基础理论，有效解决了深部采场结构失稳的“力源”和致灾前兆信息。依据采动应力与围岩强度比，构建深部采动岩体失稳判据；应用采场爆破模拟岩爆灾害，通过多次爆破模拟，并监测采场斜坡道岩体动力响应，借此回归围岩质点震动速率公式；研究并开发了释能锚杆与释能支护系统，释能锚杆的静态屈服载荷大于165kN；每输入19kJ的能量，释能锚杆能产生72.5～270mm位移，总释能能力大于46.5KJ，且平均动态屈服为80～100t。在国内外学术期刊发表学术论文12篇以上，其中SCI检索4篇；获得辽宁省科学技术二等奖1项、河北省科学技术进步二等奖1项；出版学术专著1部；国家专利4项，软件著作登记1项；培养硕士研究生4名，博士研究生2名。