深部采动影响下冲击-突出复合动力灾害孕灾机制研究

The intensification and modernization of the coal producing industry can enhance the large-scale extraction for the great coal resources. The critical issue in the mining activities are the safety and efficiency of extraction for the deep coal resources. In the deep mining activities, the geo-stress increases and the coal rock is likely to be shocked, the possibility that bumping-outburst compound dynamic disaster induced by the mining extraction is greatly increased. It is important to study the pregnancy mechanism that the deep mining induced stress can affect to the bumping-outburst compound coal rock dynamic disaster. This project considers the theories such as elastoplastic rheology, mining rock mechanics and energy transfer balance, and uses the technologies including similarity model and numerical analysis. The goal of this project is to study the induce factor, evolution characteristics and preparation process of the bumping-outburst compound dynamic disaster induced by the deep mining activities. The research also analyzes the energy transfer rule of gas contained coal rock deformation and damage, and builds the initiating energy model for the bumping-outburst compound dynamic disaster induced by the deep mining activities. The mechanism and quantitative relation of the main factors that induce the compound dynamic disaster are also discussed. By those theoretical discussion and model building, the evolution rule of the initiating and developing of the compound dynamic disaster and the energy criterion are obtained. Revealing the mechanism of inducement of the compound dynamic disaster under the deep mining activities can provide the research theoretical foundation for the prevention of compound dynamic disaster and related equipment development.

煤炭生产的集约化、现代化将进一步促进大型煤炭基地煤炭资源的规模化开发，其深部煤炭资源的安全、高效开采是必然面临的问题。深部矿井地应力高，煤岩冲击性增强，受开采扰动影响的冲击-突出复合型煤岩动力灾害发生概率显著增大，研究深部采动应力下冲击-突出复合型煤岩动力灾害的孕育机制是关键。本项目拟运用弹塑性流变、采动岩体力学和能量转移平衡理论，采用相似模拟和数值分析相结合的方法，围绕深部采动影响下冲击-突出复合型动力灾害的诱导因素、演化特征、孕育过程等进行研究，分析深部采动影响下含瓦斯煤岩组合变形破坏过程中的能量演化规律，构建深部采动应力影响下的冲击-突出复合型动力灾害发动能量模型，探讨复合动力灾害主要影响因素的作用机理及其量化关系，获得冲击-突出复合型动力灾害发生、发展的演化规律和能量判据，揭示深部采动影响下冲击-突出复合动力灾害的孕灾机制，为深部复合动力灾害的防治及相应配套装备的研发提供理论依据。

煤矿进入深部开采后，煤岩动力灾害受深部特殊工程地质环境影响严重，孕灾及发生发展机制不清。为揭示深部采动影响下冲击-突出复合动力灾害的孕灾机制，项目以实验研究为主要手段，结合理论分析、数值模拟及事故案例分析，研究了含瓦斯煤岩组合体变形破坏过程中的能量演化规律，构建了冲击-突出复合型动力灾害的能量量化分析模型，提出了深部矿井煤巷掘进采动影响下煤岩组合体失稳破坏的能量判据和冲击-突出复合型动力灾害发生条件，为深部复合动力灾害的防治及相应配套装备的研发提供理论依据。主要获得以下结果：.（1）分析了煤岩组合体失稳破坏的力学行为、破坏特征和煤、岩弹性能蓄积、传递规律，提出了煤岩组合体发生失稳破坏的临界条件。发现失稳破坏时，岩体应变达到极值，出现“应变回弹”现象；弹性能占试样峰前积聚能量的3~5%左右，占岩石自身积聚能量的25~50%左右，比值随试件强度增大而增加。.（2）自主研制了一套含瓦斯煤岩组合体失稳破坏力学特性测试实验装置，研究了顶板岩性、岩煤高度比、加载速率和瓦斯压力等影响因素对煤岩组合体力学破坏特征的影响以及失稳破坏过程的能量演化规律，量化分析了岩石积聚弹性能对组合体力学破坏的影响以及不同条件下煤岩组合体中岩体峰后释放弹性能的规律。.（3）基于能量平衡原理，分析了煤岩系统能量非线性能量演化及破裂能量传递机制，构建了冲击-突出复合型动力灾害发生的能量量化分析模型，提出了一种煤岩瓦斯共同参与下的矿井冲击-突出复合动力灾害属性分类及判识方法。.（4）数值模拟分析了含瓦斯煤体破坏失稳（突出）极限条件下厚硬顶板内积聚高能弹性能的采场空间动态分布状态、动态转移过程及其与煤体弹性能的叠加效应、以及应力场、能量场的时空动态演化规律。开展了冲击-突出复合型动力灾害相似模拟实验，分析了应力、瓦斯等因素对灾害发动的影响。基于淮南丁集、平煤十二矿两起典型复合动力灾害事故案例对结果进行了验证。.