基于驻波理论的双正弦分布绕线转子无刷双馈发电机系统研究

Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) will have important practical significance in many fields such as ship shaft generator system, warship electric propulsion, adjustable speed AC motor drive, hydroelectric and wind power generation, but according to some reviews of the research on the BDFM, the main problem of limiting its industrial applications is that the harmonic content is high, and the power density and the efficiency are low. To solve the problem, the standing wave theory and a novel rotor structure of the BDFM are presented to reduce the harmonic content, and improve the power density and the efficiency. Aiming at the key technical problems, the project takes the thorough theoretical and applied fundamental research on double-sinusoidal-distributed wound-rotor brushless doubly-fed generator (BDFG) system based on the standing wave theory. Combining the BDFM with the practical application of the ship shaft generator system, the foundation is laid to bring the the ship shaft BDFG system into the practical period. First, the standing wave theory is established, and the rotor structure of strong coupling capability and low harmonic content is presented; then, the low-cost high-performance stand-alone generating control method is studied; next, the technique of the torque reduction is researched and the effective method of the torque reduction is provided; finally, the design and optimization theory of double-sinusoidal-distributed wound-rotor BDFG system is constituted. The validity for the theoretical research and the results of the simulation analysis is verified by the manufactured prototype machine and the synthetical performance test.

无刷双馈电机在船舶轴带发电、舰船电力推进、交流电机调速系统、水力发电和风力发电等领域有着良好的应用前景，但根据目前的研究，制约其工业应用的主要问题在于电机谐波含量大，功率密度和效率偏低。为了解决这个问题，本项目提出了一种无刷双馈电机的驻波理论和新的转子结构，能够有效减少谐波含量、提高电机功率密度和效率。本项目以基于驻波理论的双正弦分布绕线转子无刷双馈发电机系统为研究对象，针对关键技术问题，开展深入的理论和应用基础研究，将无刷双馈电机与船舶轴带发电的实际应用相结合，为船舶轴带无刷双馈电机发电系统进入实用化阶段奠定基础。建立驻波理论，提出强耦合能力和低谐波含量的转子结构；研究并提出低成本和高性能独立发电控制方法；开展转矩脉动抑制技术研究，提出有效的抑制方法；最终形成一套双正弦分布绕线转子无刷双馈发电机系统设计优化理论。通过研制样机，并进行综合性能测试，验证理论研究和仿真分析结果的正确性。

无刷双馈电机取消了电刷和滑环，具有结构简单、坚固耐用、功率因数可调和变频器容量小等优点，在船舶轴带发电、交流电机调速系统和风力发电等领域有着良好的应用前景。无刷双馈电机性能好坏的关键因素在于转子结构。国内外无刷双馈电机的转子主要采用特殊笼型和磁阻两种结构，但这两种结构存在绕组导体利用率低，转子谐波含量高等缺点。为了解决这个问题，本项目提出了一种无刷双馈电机的驻波理论和新型双正弦分布绕线转子结构，能够有效减少转子谐波含量，提高电机性能。以绕线转子无刷双馈发电机系统为研究对象，针对关键技术问题，开展深入的理论和应用基础研究，将无刷双馈电机与船舶轴带发电的实际应用相结合，为船舶轴带无刷双馈电机发电系统进入实用化阶段奠定基础。建立了无刷双馈电机的驻波理论，揭示了电机的气隙磁场特性；提出了无刷双馈电机不等匝线圈结构的绕线转子设计方法，不同方案的谐波分析结果验证了新型转子结构和设计方法的正确性；给出了无刷双馈电机单机独立发电控制策略，并通过仿真和实验研究验证了控制策略的正确性；提出了采用定转子开辅助槽的转矩脉动抑制方法，通过仿真研究验证了这种方法的正确性；搭建了容量为64kVA的船舶轴带无刷双馈发电系统实验平台，并对样机进行了静态实验分析，以及对闭环控制下整个船舶轴带无刷双馈发电系统的实验研究。实验结果表明：该船舶轴带无刷双馈发电系统发电质量良好，能满足船舶用电要求，具有良好的动态响应能力和恒频稳压特性。