基于自旋轨道耦合偶极玻色气体的新奇量子态与非线性动力学研究

The experimental realizations of gauge field and spin-orbit coupling in ultracold quantum gases offer us a new platform to explore variously novel quantum states and their related nonlinear dynamics. In this project, from the perspectives of interdisciplinary and based on existing theory and methods, we will give a detailed investigation of variously novel states and its related nonlinear dynamics induced by spin degree of freedom, dipole-dipole interaction, spin-orbit coupling, and external potential. The main research points include variously novel quantum states in spin-orbit-coupled dipolar Bose gases, quantum phase transitions, low energy and collective excitations, topological superfluid, quantum vortex and its evolution, vortex lattices and its structural phase transition, spin relaxation process and the evolution of spin magnetization, and so on. We will try to discover some novel quantum phenomena and the basic properties of the system, and determine its underlying physical mechanisms. We hope to have a brand-new understanding of variously nonlinear topological excitations and novel quantum states. Our theoretical results will be compared with the experimental one, and can be used to explain all relevant experimental facts and provide solid theoretical backgrounds for new experimental research.

模拟规范场及自旋轨道耦合在超冷量子气体中的实验实现为探索各类新奇量子态与非线性动力学开辟了新的途径。我们将从多学科交叉的角度出发，运用及完善现有的理论，深入探讨内禀自旋自由度、偶极相互作用、自旋轨道耦合，以及外势维度和形状等可调控参数引起的各类新奇量子态及其对系统非线性动力学的影响。主要研究内容包括自旋轨道耦合偶极玻色系统中的新奇量子态、量子相变、低能和集体激发、拓扑超流、量子涡旋及其演化、涡旋晶格及其结构相变、自旋驰豫过程以及磁化率等方面。揭示一些新奇量子现象和系统的基本属性，确定它们的重要物理机制，以期对该体系中的各类非线性拓扑激发和新奇量子态有一个全面的认识。研究结果将与已知实验相对照，解释实验并为新的实验提供理论依据。

模拟规范场及自旋轨道耦合在超冷量子气体中的实验实现为探索各类新奇量子态与非线性动力学开辟了新的途径。本项目主要研究自旋轨道耦合偶极玻色气体的各类新奇基态、非线性动力学、拓扑激发及调控。取得了以下主要研究成果：（1）首次从理论上预测了具有 Rashba 自旋轨道耦合的软核超冷玻色凝聚体中具有手征性的超固态；（2）研究了双分量玻色气体中环状暗孤子的实时动力学，并分析了其稳定性和班图，提出了提高环状暗孤子的寿命和稳定性的实验方法；（3）研究了自由空间中自旋轨道耦合凝聚体的稳定性和动力学，发现周期性变化的自旋轨道耦合可以作为一个新的调控参数，用于稳定二维自由空间中的玻色凝聚体。研究结果有助于进一步确定决定系统属性的关键物理量以及重要的物理机制，丰富了对自旋轨道耦合玻色气体物性的认识。