农村环境治理中政府与社区互补和替代效应机理研究

Rural environment governance is an important part of the "beautiful and livable rural construction program". The performance of governance depends on the interaction of government and rural community. To find out an effective way of rural environment governance, the relationship between the role of government and community and its formation mechanism must be clarified. This project will study the relationship between the government and the community in the rural environment governance from the perspective of complement and substitute effects. The complement effect and substitute effect will be measured by the incremental differences of both the government and community resource. The logistic model will be adopted to validate the hypothesis about the relationship between the two kinds of effects and environment governance effect. Heckman’s 2-step selection model will be applied to explain the formation mechanism of complement effect and substitute effect. We will explore the characteristics of communities from three dimensions: the farmers, the social environment and the natural environment. Based on the characteristics of communities, we will explore the docking mechanism between the government and the community, so as to construct collaborative governance mode. It will reveal “Is there a complement or substitute effect between the role of the government and the community? What is the relationship between governance effect and complement and substitute effect? What is the formation mechanism of complement effect and substitute effect? What kind of governance model should be taken in different types of rural communities?” This project will provide both theoretical basis and practical guidance to improve and strengthen the rural environment governance.

农村环境治理是“美丽宜居乡村建设”的重要内容，治理绩效取决于政府和社区的互动，必须阐明二者的作用关系及形成机理，才能找到农村环境治理的有效途径。本课题拟从替代和互补角度研究政府和社区的关系，用二者投入资源增量的差值来度量互补效应和替代效应；用logistic模型验证两种效应跟环境治理效果之间的关系；用Heckman二阶段估计模型，从农户参与意愿和努力程度角度阐释互补效应和替代效应的形成机理；从农户特征、社区社会环境和社区自然环境三个维度，探索互补型和替代型社区的特征；基于社区特征，探索政府和社区的对接机制，形成协同治理模式。试图回答“政府和社区的作用之间是否存在互补效应和替代效应？互补效应和替代效应与环境治理效果之间有何关系？互补效应和替代效应如何形成的？针对互补效应和替代效应不同的农村社区该采取怎样的治理模式？”等问题。本课题将为提升并巩固农村环境治理效果提供理论依据和实践指导。

近年来，我国农村人居环境整治取得积极进展，但与全面建成小康社会的要求和广大农民群众的期待相比，农村人居环境仍然存在不少差距，是农民群众最真切的民生痛点。自2013年中央一号文件明确提出建设“美丽乡村”以来，各地政府进一步加大了农村环境综合整治力度，但是各地环境治理绩效天壤之别。为了全面了解农村环境治理现状，提炼出农村环境治理模式，测度农户环境治理政策效应，探索农村环境治理中农户的参与机制，比较政府和社区在农村环境治理中的作用，本研究基于全国东中西部7省和陕西省12个县调研数据，采用案例分析法、田野调查法、计量模型分析法，对以上问题进行了研究。. 得出了如下结论：农村环境治理情况总体较好，但影响农户与政府互补投入的问题仍比较突出；陕西农村环境治理主要有四种模式；农户对农村环境治理政策满意度较高，社区与政府互补效应较强；收入和信任水平影响农户参与环境治理的意愿和方式；农户在政府主导和市场主导的治理模式中响应行为有差异，替代和互补效应均明显。. 研究意义在于：对农村环境治理现状进行全景式展示，为环境治理政策制定提供基准；总结归纳农村现有环境治理模式，并对模式进行比较分析，为模式优化和实施提供建议；对农村环境治理政策效应进行评价，为制定和实施激发农户合作治理政策提供科学建议；探索农村环境治理中影响农户与政府合作（互补）治理的因素，为制定激励农户参与的政策提供理论依据，为构建政府和社区协同治理模式提供实践指导。