Spider mites, also known as red spiders, are key insect pests of agricultural and forest crops worldwide. They are very small organisms which are members of the Phylum Arthropoda and Group Arachnida. The study on RNAi-based pest control of agricultural mites is very few,because of their tiny body length below 1mm. The gene families of detoxification metabolism are major detoxication enzyme systems that are involving in metabolizing plant secondary substances and diverse insecticides in insect body. In the study, metabolic detoxification gene families of Tetranychus urticae are firstly used as the target for controlling spider mites. The target genes of three detoxifcation enzyme systems (P450s、GSTs and CCEs)will be cloned and characterized, based on analyzing complete genome sequence database of T. urticae. The research platform for large-scale screening of RNAi target genes will be constructed to select highly lethal dsRNA molecules suppressing target genes of three detoxifcation enzyme systems. RNA interference bioassays will be carried out from physiological, molecular and cellular levels, in order to confirm the damage effects of dsRNA molecules on spider mites. RNAi to silence each of detoxification gene followed by different types of acaricide bioassays will be performed to explore the relationship between expression response and roles of detoxification genes of T. urticae to insecticide exposures. The results will play an important role in further understanding spider mites’ environmental adaptability and pesticide resistant related mechanism of three detoxification enzymatic systems. The study will be useful for developing new pest control strategy and also provide a good example for management of other agricultural insects.
叶螨(亦称红蜘蛛)是属于节肢动物门蛛形纲的极微小动物,是当今世界农林作物上的关键性害虫。因其体长微小(在1毫米以下),利用RNAi技术防治农业害螨的研究甚少。解毒代谢基因家族是昆虫体内参与代谢植物次生物质和各类杀虫剂的主要解毒酶系。本项目将叶螨解毒代谢基因家族作为害螨控制的靶标,应用叶螨全基因组序列数据库,克隆及鉴定叶螨的三大解毒代谢酶系(P450s、GSTs和CCEs)基因;建立大规模筛选RNAi 靶标基因研究平台,获取叶螨三大解毒酶系中具高效致死效应的dsRNA 分子。通过从生理、分子及细胞等不同层次水平研究,以明确dsRNA 控制害螨的效果;通过不同类型杀螨剂敏感性测定实验,基于RNAi探讨解毒代谢基因与杀虫剂代谢的关系。研究结果将对发展新的害螨防治策略,深入理解叶螨的环境适应性及三大解毒酶系与其抗性相关机制具重要意义。也为其它农业领域的害虫防治提供有益的借鉴。
解毒代谢基因是昆虫体内参与代谢植物次生物质和各类杀虫剂的主要解毒酶系。本研究克隆及鉴定了土耳其斯坦叶螨三大解毒代谢基因,并向GenBank提交功能基因序列和构建系统发育树。以二斑叶螨全基因组序列数据库为参照,应用生物信息学对GSTs、CCEs及P450s编码蛋白质的理化特性、结构功能及同源性进行分析,筛选出土螨解毒代谢基因并体外合成特异性dsRNA,研究其dsRNA对土螨致死效果和繁殖力影响,通过不同类型杀螨剂(螺螨酯、甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素)敏感性测定实验,探讨解毒代谢基因与杀虫剂代谢的关系。RNAi生测结果表明,不同dsRNA对雌成螨均具有一定致死效应,其中dsRNAg4对土螨毒力作用最强,LC50为44.39 ng•µL -1;RNA干扰后雌成螨产卵率降低,其中dsRNAe1处理后雌成螨每日每雌产卵量最少;F1代卵的孵化率明显低于对照组,其中dsRNAg3处理组的孵化率最低为62.9%;相比敏感品系,抗性品系F1代对杀虫剂敏感性显著提高,其中dsRNAg4和dsRNAp2处理RF品系F1代对甲氰菊酯的LC50比对照组减小最多,降低了4.13和4.57倍。重组构建了融合基因干扰片段dsRNA(P450-GST-CCE),用不同的dsRNA沉默土螨的解毒代谢基因,结果表明融合片段dsRNA对雌成螨的致死率最显著;经融合片段dsRNA处理的抗性品系F1代对混合农药的LC50比对照组减小最多,实现了共沉默的聚合致死效应。总之,沉默解毒代谢基因降低了土螨的种群适合度,提高了其对杀虫剂的敏感性,有效抑制了土螨对常用杀虫剂抗药性的形成。本研究还克隆及鉴定了ABC转运蛋白中的ABCA、ABCB、ABCC亚家族基因。RNAi生测实验表明,dsRNA-ABCA沉默后能降低敏感品系和抗Cry2Ab品系对Cry2Ab的敏感性;而dsRNA-ABCC沉默后能降低敏感品系和抗Cry1Ac品系对Cry1Ac的敏感性;但是dsRNA-ABCA和dsRNA-ABCC的沉默作用与Cry2Ab和Cry1Ac的敏感性之间是相互独立的,无交叉作用。不同dsRNA-ABC对卵的正常孵化和幼螨正常存活都有不良影响,并延长其发育历期,降低各发育历期内的存活率。本研究结果将对发展新的害螨防治策略,深入理解叶螨的环境适应性及三大解毒酶系与其抗性相关机制具重要意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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