祁连山土壤水资源与植被承载力空间分布特征研究

To improve the environment in the extensive aird and semiaird regions in China,there is an urgent need to increase the coverage of forest/vegetation. However,the water resources and their capacity used for forest/vegetation restoration are very limited.In order to solve this contradiction, several typical watersheds will be selected as research sites.The field test and the mathematical simulation will be combined to be used in this project, and through the research about the water balance process from the typical vegetation slop scale and the plots scale in the upper reaches of the Heihe River by using the runoff, hydrologic accounting, fixed plots and some other instruments, the multi-scale eco-hydrological processes, such as interception, infiltration, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and runoff generation, will also be observed.select the typical watershed of Qilian Mountains, full utilization of forest ecosystem long-term monitoring data, In-depth study on forest vegetation (including trees, shrubs, herbaceous) ecosystem structure, water dynamic characteristics and its effect on hydrological process of slope and small watershed in the different scales of individual trees, standing forest and small watershed. Study on the change rule of soil water resources in common action of meteorological, soil, topography, vegetation. Quantitative analysis the restriction factors of soil moisture on plant growth. Analysis of vegetation carrying capacity and its spatial variation in typical site, to establish the relative statistic models between population density, soil moisture, leaf area index and evapotranspiration of the vegetation, to couple the mechanism of ecological and hydrological processes, to reveal the space-time variation law of the water resources and the vegetation carrying capacity in Qilian Mountains, to obtain the basic scientific information for the prediction about changing trend of the forest ecological system, then to analysis the regional characteristic of forest vegetation and water resources regulation comprehensively and providing theory basis and technical support of the coordination management of the forest vegetation and water resources for the construction of forestry ecological project and forest vegetation recovery and management in China.

针对我国干旱、半干旱地区急需增加森林植被改善生态环境和水资源缺乏及土壤水分森林植被承载力容量有限的矛盾，选择祁连山典型流域，充分利用森林生态系统长期定位监测数据，在林木个体、林分、小流域等不同尺度上同步研究森林植被（包括乔木、灌木、草本）的生态系统结构特征、水分特征动态及其对坡面、小流域水文过程的影响，研究气象、土壤、地形、植被等共同作用下的土壤水资源变化规律，量化土壤水分对植被生长的限制作用，分析典型立地的植被承载力及其空间变化规律，建立土壤水分、种群密度、叶面积指数等与植被蒸腾的关系模型，耦合有关生态水文过程，揭示祁连山区土壤水资源与森林植被承载力的空间分布规律，获得预测森林生态系统变化趋势的基础科学信息，综合分析森林植被与水资源相互调控的区域特征，为我国林业生态工程建设以及森林植被恢复与经营提供森林植被与水资源协同管理的理论依据和技术支撑。

针对我国干旱、半干旱地区急需增加森林植被改善生态环境和水资源缺乏及土壤水分森林植被承载力容量有限的矛盾，本项目选择祁连山黑河上游排露沟小流域作为试验地点，充分利用森林生态系统长期定位监测数据，选择典型样地、坡面，利用径流场、水量平衡场、固定样地等设施，同步观测截留、入渗、蒸散、土壤水分、产流等多尺度生态水文过程，监测典型植被的生长、根系、叶面积指数、生物量、层次结构等动态变化。在林木个体、林分、小流域等不同尺度上同步研究森林植被（包括乔木、灌木、草本）的生态系统结构特征、水分特征动态及其对坡面、小流域水文过程的影响，研究气象、土壤、地形、植被等共同作用下的土壤水资源变化规律，确定植被承载力沿水分梯度的分布规律。量化土壤水分对植被生长的限制作用，分析典型立地的植被承载力及其空间变化规律，建立土壤水分、种群密度、叶面积指数等与植被蒸腾的关系，耦合有关生态水文过程，揭示祁连山区土壤水资源与森林植被承载力的空间分布规律，有关研究结果将有助于发展完善生态水文学的新兴学科，充实干旱半干旱地区林水关系研究中植被和水分相互影响的内容，利于促进发展半干旱地区森林植被建设和管理的理论与技术，提高林水协调管理水平，为当地植被恢复与植被建设，并促进发展森林植被与水资源管理相互协调的干旱半干旱地区森林植被建设和管理的理论与技术，为我国林业生态工程建设以及森林植被恢复与经营提供森林植被与水资源协同管理的理论依据和技术支撑。