伊犁地区大鸨繁殖成功率及栖息地适宜性评价研究

Great bustard (Otis tarda) is listed as first-grade protection species in China. In the last decades, this species has suffered rapid population reductions across most of its range owing to land use, over-graze, hunting and usage of pesticides which result in the Otis tarda endanger situation. In China, the subspecies O. t. tarda was only distributed in Xinjiang province. Moverover, the Chabuchaer County of Yili City was the only winter habitat in China, therefore become the key area for the protection of this subspecies. However, there were no any reports were published on this subspecies in more than ten years. In the present research, based on the investigation of distribution and population number, 3s technology was used to evaluate the habitat of great bustard in winter and breeding period by building a habitat quality evaluation model, in order to ascertain the main factors which affect the habitat quality of great bustard. Infrared autodyne camera system was used to monitor the breeding ecology of great bustard, radio apparatus to track the fledgling of great bustard. The breeding success was calculated to clarify the key factors of affecting the breeding ecology. To reveal the key factors which affect the population number by combining the population data.Finally, we will analysis the disturbance of human activities on the ecological environments and biological process to make clear the main factors of resulting in the decrease of great bustard population. Our results will fill the gap of research on great bustard on the one hand, and help to the protection of this species by recovering the population on the other hand.

大鸨为中国国家一级保护物种。近几十年来，由于农牧业活动和滥捕滥猎的影响，导致其在世界范围内均处于濒危状态。其指名亚种在中国仅分布于新疆，其中伊犁地区察布查尔县更是该亚种在中国境内唯一越冬地，是保护该物种的关键区域。然而已有十多年未见该亚种任何研究报道。本研究拟首先查清伊犁地区大鸨地理分布与种群数量。通过红外自拍摄像系统监测其繁殖生态，无线电跟踪雏鸟，计算其繁殖成功率，结合种群生态学数据，揭示影响大鸨种群数量的关键因素。在此基础之上，以3s技术为支撑，通过构建栖息地适宜性评价模型评价察布查尔县大鸨繁殖地与越冬地生境质量，探明影响大鸨生境质量的主导因素。通过上述研究综合评价人类活动对大鸨生态环境与生物学过程的扰动机制，明确伊犁地区察布查尔县大鸨的主要致濒因子。研究结果一方面填补了大鸨指名亚种相关领域的研究空白，另一方面直接服务于物种保护及种群恢复，为制定该濒危物种的保护管理方案提供决策依据。

大鸨是国家一级重点保护物种，其指名亚种在中国仅分布于新疆。近年来，由于农牧业活动的加剧，大鸨在新疆的栖息地不断丧失，生境持续破碎化。本项目首先查清大鸨指名亚种在中国的生存现状，进而采用GIS技术评价其栖息地，此外，通过行为学手段明晰人类活动干扰对大鸨时间分配的影响。围绕研究计划，本项目得到以下研究结果：（1）大鸨在伊犁地区察布查尔县的种群数量已降至极低，濒临野外灭绝；其塔城分布区最小种群数量为444只，主要集中分布于3个片段化的区域。（2）农牧业活动将大鸨的栖息地分割成大小不等的岛屿状区域，生境破碎化十分明显。（3）人类活动，尤其是道路对其警戒行为影响巨大，因此维持分布区内大鸨栖息地的连续分布是保护该物种的重要手段。通过项目的实施，发表6篇论文，其中SCI论文2篇。与地方林业局合作撰写“伊犁州大鸨资源考察报告”。