基于肥胖症等流行病预防理论的当代城市设计中"易致病空间因素"影响机制及整治设计策略研究

Under the rapid urbanization in contemporary times, chronic diseases, for which the leading risk factors are obesity, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes among urban citizens in China have become increasingly severe. Upon the reflection of series issues of urban design in cities nowadays, the topic of the research project has been proposed as ‘what kind of urban spaces can lead to obesity and other epidemic diseases?’..Based on the existing theoretical research by the applicant, empirical study is conducted in the research project targeting the relationship between ‘urban spaces’ and ‘population morbidity rate’ as subject. Then typical communities in mega cities like Beijing and Shanghai are filtered out based on the fundamental database of clinical cases in hospitals and also through the tracking survey of patients. Series of methods are being conducted to quantitative research of ‘spatial disease-causing factors’ which can easily lead to epidemic diseases like obesity etc. in urban design: 6-step research methodology system with the mainstream of S-HIA (Health Impact Assessment for Space) in EBM (Evidence-Based Medicine), expert panel model, entropy model and NQLS model. .The research project aims to find out the quantitative influence mechanism among ‘urban space, urban lifestyle and obesity prevention’, so as to establish the theoretical framework of the disease-causing mechanisms of ‘spatial disease-causing factors’ as well as its evaluation system. Then series of urban design principles and strategies following the framework would be stated to help establish the interdisciplinary subject theories, set up public health policies, put healthy urban design into practice and create new urban lifestyle. Finally the research goal would be reached as to prevent related diseases and promote urban space quality.

当代快速城镇化背景下，中国城市居民肥胖、三高、心血管病等慢性病问题日趋严重。反思当前城市设计的种种问题，本项目提出“什么样的城市空间容易引起肥胖症等流行病”这一议题。.在申请人已有理论研究基础上，本项目以“城市空间”和“人群患病”关系为研究对象，展开定量实证研究。以医院就诊病例库为基础数据，通过患者跟踪调查，在北京、上海筛选典型易致病社区，以循证医学中“空间-健康影响评估（S-HIA）”为主线搭建6步研究方法体系，协同运用专家评测模型、熵值模型和NQLS模型，量化研究城市设计中容易导致肥胖症等流行病的“易致病空间因素”。.本项目希望揭示“城市空间-生活方式-肥胖症预防”三者的定量影响机制，搭建“易肥胖空间因素”致病机制理论框架和评价指标体系，逐项提出城市设计导则。为交叉学科理论搭建、规划卫生政策制定、城市设计实践应用及居民生活方式培养提供助力，以期达到相关疾病预防，城市空间品质提升的目标。

当代快速城镇化背景下，中国城市居民肥胖、三高、心血管病等慢性病问题日趋严重。反思当前城市设计的种种问题，本项目提出“什么样的城市空间容易引起肥胖症等流行病”这一议题。在申请人已有理论研究基础上，以“城市空间”和“人群患病”关系为研究对象，展开定量实证研究。本项目以循证医学中“空间-健康影响评估（S-HIA）”为主线搭建6步研究方法体系。通过医院就诊基础数据收集（2013-2017）和患者随访调查，搭建“肥胖症病例库”。在此基础上以北京为例，筛选30个典型易致病社区，完成社区空间数据库测绘。同时综合应用专家评测模型（Expert Panel）、熵值模型和 NQLS 模型，量化研究城市设计导致肥胖的各项“易致病空间因素”。既包括与日常锻炼相关的功能混合度 LUM、步行指数 WI、公共交通密度、日常运动轨迹等，也包括与饮食习惯相关的食景地图FS、健康食景可达性等，形成“易致病因子库”。荟萃这些易致病因子，设计《北京街区健康设计调研表》和《北京易肥胖城市空间因子评估项目清单》，在优化印证后对77个街区进行了健康影响评估。本项目初步揭示了“城市空间-生活方式-肥胖症预防”三者的定量影响机制，搭建“易肥胖空间因素”致病机制理论框架和评价指标体系，并逐项提出城市设计导则。为交叉学科理论搭建、规划卫生政策制定、城市设计实践应用及居民生活方式培养收集了珍贵的一手资料，搭建了数据库和方法体系，并将进一步在实践验证后凝练为策略导则和技术标准，为相关疾病预防，城市空间品质提升提供助力。