有机无机杂化微胶囊化膨胀型阻燃剂的制备及其阻燃交联聚烯烃材料的性能与机理研究

Aim at polyolefin/intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composite in the process of long-term usage,the IFR reflects some shortcomings during the service life, such as poor dispersion, easily attacked by water, the poor durability and exuded. Therefore, containing reactive functional groups of organic-inorganic hybrid microencapsulated IFR was syntherized in this project. Polyolefin/microencapsulated IFR composites were prepared through radiation cross-linking technology with the shell of microcapsule and the polyolefin matrix combined together through chemical bond. The effects of different hybrid microencapsulation shell structure on the surface property and thermal stability of microencapsulated IFR were analyzed. The influences of structure and composition of shell materials on the thermal degradation, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyolefin/microencapsulated IFR composites were researched and the synergistic flame retardant mechanism was clarified. Furthermore, the element variation of miroencapsulated IFR at the surface and the internal of polyolefin/microencapsulated IFR composites at different aging condition were analyzed and clarified its migration mechanism. The relationship between the polyolefin composites at differernt aging condition and the migration mechanism of microencapsulated IFR was also clarifie. The project laid the theoretical and experimental foundation for microencapsulated IFR and expand the scope of application of IFR and of polyolefin/microencapsulated IFR cable materials.

针对聚烯烃/膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）复合材料在长期使用过程中，IFR存在分散性差，耐水性差，耐久性差和溢出等缺点。因此，本项目制备出含反应官能团的有机无机杂化微胶囊化IFR；选择辐射交联技术将微胶囊化IFR的壳层与聚烯烃基体通过化学键有机结合到一起。研究不同杂化壳层结构对IFR表面特性、耐热性的影响；研究微胶囊化阻燃剂壳层材料的组成、结构与聚烯烃材料性能之间的关系；探讨有机无机杂化壳层材料与IFR协同成炭的机制；阐明材料的热降解过程与阻燃机理；分析在不同老化条件下微胶囊化IFR在聚烯烃材料表面和内部变化规律，探讨不同功能结构的微胶囊化IFR的迁移机制；阐明老化条件下聚烯烃复合材料的性能与阻燃剂迁移机理关系。该项目为IFR的微胶囊化提供奠定了一定的理论和实验基础，拓展了IFR和聚烯烃/微胶囊化IFR复合材料的应用范围。

本项目研究计划要点主要针对聚烯烃/膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）复合材料在长期使用过程中，IFR存在分散性差，耐水性差，耐久性差和迁移析出等缺点。通过微胶囊化技术设计制备了几种官能化壳层材料微胶囊化IFR，主要采用原位聚合法或溶胶凝胶法制备出含官能团的有机无机杂化微胶囊化IFR，选择高能电子束辐照交联技术将微胶囊化IFR引入到聚烯烃交联基体之中。研究不同杂化壳层结构对IFR表面特性、耐热性的影响；研究微胶囊化阻燃剂壳层材料的组成、结构与聚烯烃材料性能之间的关系；探讨有机无机杂化壳层材料与IFR 协同成炭的机制；阐明材料的热降解过程与阻燃机理；分析在不同老化条件下微胶囊化IFR在聚烯烃材料表面和内部变化规律，探讨不同功能结构的微胶囊化IFR的迁移机制；阐明老化条件下聚烯烃复合材料的性能与阻燃剂迁移机理关系。研究结果表明使用微胶囊化阻燃剂与更高辐照剂量交联的EVA复合材料具有最好的尺寸稳定性、最低的阻燃剂损失率、最高的阻燃性能和最好的综合物性。这是由于MCAPP具有较好的耐水性，且MCAPP能交联到EVA材料网络结构之中，具有较好的耐迁移性，所以在经过老化之后，仍然具有较多的阻燃剂保留在交联的EVA复合材料的表面与基体内部，从而具有较好的阻燃性能。该项目为IFR的微胶囊化奠定了一定的理论和实验基础，拓展了IFR和聚烯烃/微胶囊化IFR复合材料的应用范围。