生物质纳米复合阻燃剂的制备及其阻燃聚乳酸材料的性能与机理研究

With the increasing depletion of oil resources and the deteriorating of ecological environment, biomass materials and its derivatives get more and more attention. Polylactic acid, as the most potential ecological plastic, its poor flame retardant property limits the extension of its applications.It is necessary to develop biobased flame retardants due to all kinds of problems of traditional flame retardants. Integrative bio-based flame retardants can be obtained through the chemical modification of natural polymeric materials, such as starch and cellulose, in which it is designed from the view of molecular. Nano flame retardant can be obtained with the combination of bio-based flame retardant and montmorillonite. Crystallization, thermal and mechanical properties of the polylactic acid composites are discussed after the incorporation of bio-based nano flame retardants; And then the relationship between structure and component is also discussed. The change law of the gas and solid phase products and the formation mechanism of the cross-linking carbon can be studied during the pyrolysis and combustion of the flame retardant polylactic acid nano-composites. The inherent relationship between the composition, structure and char formation mechanism, flame retardant properties can be discussed. As a result, the catalytic synergies mechanism and the flame retardant mechanism can be revealed. The implementation of the project can lay a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of new biomass flame retardants as well as the preparation of polylactic acid composites with good performance.

随着石油资源的日益枯竭和生态环境的不断恶化，生物质材料及其衍生物越来越受到广泛的关注。其中聚乳酸作为最具潜力的生态塑料，较差的阻燃性能限制了其应用领域的扩展。本项目针对传统阻燃剂存在的各种问题和生物质阻燃剂亟待开发的现状，从分子设计的角度出发，将生物质与阻燃技术、纳米技术相结合，以淀粉和纤维素等天然高分子为原料，通过化学改性合成多元一体化的生物质阻燃剂，并引入蒙脱土制备多功能化的纳米复合阻燃剂；研究不同生物质纳米复合阻燃剂对聚乳酸的结晶、热、阻燃和力学性能等的影响，探讨材料组成、结构与性能之间的关系，制备综合性能优良的阻燃聚乳酸纳米复合材料；研究材料在热解和燃烧过程中气、固相产物的变化规律，探讨其交联成炭的机制；研究材料的组成、结构与其成炭机制、阻燃性能之间的内在本质联系，揭示阻燃剂的阻燃机理；该项目的实施能够为新型生物质阻燃剂以及高性能阻燃聚乳酸材料的开发奠定理论依据。

随着石油资源的日益枯竭和生态环境的不断恶化，生物质材料及其衍生物越来越受到广泛的关注。其中聚乳酸作为最具潜力的生态塑料， 较差的阻燃性能限制了其应用领域的扩展。本项目针对传统阻燃剂存在的各种问题和生物质阻燃剂亟待开发的现状，从分子设计的角度出发， 将生物质与阻燃技术、纳米技术相结合， 以淀粉和纤维素等天然高分子为原料，通过化学改性合成多元一体化的生物质阻燃剂， 并引入蒙脱土层状无机物、聚倍半硅氧烷纳米粒子制备多功能化的纳米复合阻燃剂；研究不同生物质纳米复合阻燃剂对聚乳酸的结晶、热、阻燃和力学性能等的影响，探讨材料组成、结构与性能之间的关系，制备综合性能优良的阻燃聚乳酸纳米复合材料； 研究材料在热解和燃烧过程中气、固相产物的变化规律，探讨其交联成炭的机制；研究材料的组成、结构与其成炭机制、阻燃性能之间的内在本质联系，揭示阻燃剂的阻燃机理；该项目的实施能够为新型生物质阻燃剂以及高性能阻燃聚乳酸材料的开发奠定理论依据。