转轨经济中中国企业跨国经营的行为与对策研究

Multinational Operation of China's Enterprises began in the end of 1970s or at the beginning of 1980s. Since the middle of 1990s, people have paid close attention to these FDIs of China's Enterprises. Despite a growing importance of China as the leading foreign investor among developing countries, there is a paucity of information about it: What causes China's enterprises to invest abroad?; How do government and its policies or activities influence such investment?; How do China's institutional environment in transitional economy and competence of China's enterprises in developing economy affect Chinese enterprises' FDIs?; and further, could a research framework be established to explain Chinese enterprises' multinational operation behavior systematicly?. Based on institutional environment which China's enterprises faced in transitional economy and developing economy which China's enterprises operated in, this dissertation establishes an institution-competence research framework and tries to use it to study the behavior of Chinese enterprises' multinational operation. There are six chapters. In Part one, based on the survey of generic theory of multinational enterprises and international business theory of developing countries, this dissertation points out these theories can't satisfy to explain Chinese enterprises' multinational operation behavior, because they ignore the institution which enterprises operate in and so ignore the internal relationship between institution and organizational behavior. Bring into 'competence' that forms the basis of enterprises' competitive advantages, an institution-competence research framework is established. Prepared for further analysis under institution-competence framework, Part two shows the characteristics of China's institutional environment, the competence condition which Chinese enterprises accumulated and macro administrative system of China's FDI in transitional economy. Part three summarizes the current situation and generic characteristic of China's FDIs, and then discuses detailedly the motives of China's multinational operation from four levels, including central government, local government, enterprise itself and its management. In transitional economy, government and management' motives will directly and deeply influence the behaviors of China's enterprises. Part four discusses one of the most impotent problems: What kinds of China's enterprises can invest abroad?. To become a foreign investor, China's enterprise that lacks of enough resource and competence needs additional resource and competence supplementary to cover the extra costs or gain extra benefits in international business. There are three ways to reach it in China's transitional economy: empowering and supporting from government including initiative giving from top to bottom and seeking from bottom to top by bargaining; allying of enterprises and evolved improvement of competence through market competitive. Under the institution-competence research framework, Chapter five mainly discusses five kinds of behavior of Chinese enterprises' multinational operation, including FDI decision-making, timing of FDI, selecting of expanding model, how to decide where and which industry to invest and how to organize oversea operating activities. In analysis, empirical research is done. Considering above-mentioned research, Chapter six farther studies the multinational operation behaviors of four typical China's foreign investors on case studies. Part seven stress on policy suggestion which based on the foregoing analysis. The China's enterprises which grow up on competition are becoming the main FDI entities. These enterprises should develop the capability of FDI, including fostering competence of human resource. The government should provide the services of policy and surporting, including permitting capitals out and so on.

在转轨时期，中国企业开展的跨国经营活动已为国内外学术界和实物界所关注。本项目试图从转轨经济和发展中经济这一特定的背景出发，在拟建立的制度--企业能力框架下系统地探讨中国企业跨国经营的行为动机，投资主体形成，投资决策，扩展方式，区位与产业选择。在此基础上提出推动企业跨国经营的政府政策制定以及企业战略和策略变革的建议。