基于超重力场的真空获得机制及低品位能源海水淡化技术

Due to the huge energy requirement, it is hard for seawater desalination to become a sustainable, environment-friendly, and economic water supply solution. If the renewable energy or low-grade energy is employed, the energy, environment and economic pressure of seawater desalination could be relieved. The Super-gravity Vacuum Desalination (SGVD) technique can be easily coupled with the renewable energy or low-grade energy, but its key scientific and technical problems, especially mechanisms of the vacuum acquisition and seawater desalination, are urgent to be revealed and solved. In this project, choosing fluids with various states and phases in the SGVD process as the research objectives, based on the comprehensive modelling of flow and heat and mass transfer, a series of key scientific problems, such as the acquisition mechanism of “Vacuum Super-gravity Pattern”, the seawater desalination mechanism under super-gravity vacuum conditions, the effective coupling of low-grade energy or renewable energy with SGVD process, will be systematically studied. Based on which, the design scheme of the complete equipment of the SGVD technique is obtained, and the recovery rate model and energy consumption model are built together with the evaluation system of the technique, to offer the theoretical and technical support for the SGVD technique, guide and promote the research, explore and application of the technique, and reach the goal of effective utilization of renewable energy or low-grade energy, alleviation of the energy consumption and protection of ecological environment.

海水淡化巨大的能源需求使之很难成为一种可持续的环保型和经济型供水方案，利用可再生能源或低品位能源为其供能可使以上问题迎刃而解。超重力真空海水淡化技术应运而生，但该技术的关键科学和技术问题，尤其是基于超重力场的真空获得机制及低品位能源海水淡化机理亟待研究。本项目以超重力真空海水淡化过程中的各态、各相流体为研究对象，以流动、传热、传质过程全方位建模为基础，系统研究“真空超重力场形态”的获得机制、超重力场真空区域内海水淡化机理、低品位热能及可再生机械能的有效利用方法等关键科学问题，基于此形成超重力真空海水淡化技术成套设备设计理论，建立海水淡化回收率模型和能耗模型、获得技术评价系统，为超重力真空海水淡化技术的实现提供理论和技术支撑，指导和推动超重力真空海水淡化技术的研发和应用，达到充分利用可再生能源及低品位能源、缓减海水淡化能耗和环保压力的目的。

海水淡化巨大的能源需求使之很难成为一种可持续的环保型和经济型供水方案，利用可再生能源或低品位能源为其供能可使以上问题迎刃而解。超重力真空海水淡化技术应运而生，但该技术的关键科学和技术问题亟待研究。本项目聚焦于超重力真空海水淡化技术中超重力场的真空获得机制及低品位能源海水淡化机理等关键科学问题，以超重力真空海水淡化过程中的各态、各相流体为研究对象，以流动、传热、传质过程全方位建模为基础，按照研究计划系统开展了“真空超重力场形态”的获得机制、超重力场真空区域内海水淡化机理、低品位热能及可再生机械能的有效利用方法、以及超重力真空海水淡化技术成套设备设计理论等方面内容的研究，并探索了更具有南海特色的可再生/低品位能源海水淡化方法。. 提出了双筒旋转式“真空超重力场形态”的有效形成机制，并通过了实验和CFD模拟结果的双重验证；耦合超重力真空（低压）技术与膜蒸馏海水淡化工艺，建立了CFD仿真模型与实验平台，揭示了海水淡化过程的流动、传质、传热机理，验证了超重力低压对膜蒸馏海水淡化过程的强化作用；根据南海开发利用的特色需求，探索了低品位能源包括太阳能、风能、海洋温差能以及深海静压能驱动海水淡化过程的方法与机制；形成超重力真空（低压）海水淡化装备模块化设计方法，建立了超重力低压膜蒸馏海水淡化能耗和产水评价指标，以指导和推动超重力真空（低压）海水淡化技术的应用，达到充分利用可再生能/低品位能源、缓减海水淡化能耗压力的目的。