风力直驱式超重力海水淡化工艺关键技术研究

A novel wind directly powered desalination technology based on the super gravity vacuum evaporation (SGVE) process is proposed. By introducing the super gravity technology, which is employed to generate a vacuum environment for seawater evaporation, it is possible for vacuum pump to work under higher gas density, increasing the pumping efficiency. The desalination unit is operated at normal atmospheric temperature, and directly powered by the kinetic energy coming from the Wind Turbine, eliminating the energy conversion process and reducing the energy loss effectively. This wind powered desalination technology, which is beneficial to increasing production efficiency, protecting environment and saving energy, is a promising sustainable alternative to relieve the water and energy scarce for Chinese coast and remote islands, and to the navigation-water. In this project, one of the key technical problems of this novel technology, the generation of the vacuum circumstance necessary for the seawater evaporation under super gravity condition, will be studied, including designing and optimizing the structure of the super gravity evaporation chamber, investigating flow and phase change behavior of the interior fluids, and the parameter match among the evaporation chamber, vacuum pump and energy supply device, etc. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the energy utilization in the super gravity system, how to use the imported shaft work more effectively will be also explored. Successful implementation of this project will offer the fundament for the application and extension of wind-seawater desalination, and has great guiding significance to the engineering application.

本项目提出一种新型的适合风能直接驱动的超重力真空蒸发海水淡化技术，引入超重力技术，使真空泵在较高密度气体环境下作业，提高抽真空效率；海水淡化单元在常温下运行并由风轮机输出的机械能直接驱动，可避免能量转化环节，降低能量损失。该项技术是一项高效、环保、节能的海水淡化技术，对于缓解中国沿海、偏远岛屿的淡水和能源短缺问题以及航海用淡水问题有着积极作用。拟针对该技术的关键技术问题之一，即超重力工况下海水常温蒸发真空环境的生成机理和装置进行研究，包括超重力真空蒸发器的设计和优化、内部流体流动和相变行为研究，蒸发器与真空泵及供能设备之间的参数匹配等。此外，对超重力工况下能量利用情况进行分析，探索提高轴功利用效率的有效方法。本项目的成功实施将为高效绿色的风能海水淡化技术的研究及应用奠定基础，具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。

为有效降低真空泵负荷、加速真空环境生成、提高能量利用率，本项目对所提出的超重力真空蒸发海水淡化技术进行了总体和单元工艺设计、理论计算和数值模拟，对提供海水常温真空蒸发环境的核心单元设备——超重力真空蒸发室的设备进行了结构设计、优化和加工制造，对其内部流体流动及相变过程进行了理论计算和数值模拟，并搭建了超重力真空蒸发室性能测试实验平台。为回收利用超重力真空形成过程的转动动能，设计了碟片式粘性摩擦加热器和集成于超重力真空蒸发室内的蒸汽压缩部件，并可实现海水预热、回收一次蒸汽潜热和获得冷凝淡水三重目的。为减小风能间歇性的影响，设计了以超级电容阵列为缓冲单元的小型风光互补控制系统，并可实现水处理过程中关键参数的在线检测和数据传输。此外，基于常温工况下海水淡化的诸多优点，探索了新型的常温海水淡化技术，提出了一种气体辅助海水加速滞止压反渗透海水淡化工艺技术，搭建了实验平台并进行了初步测试。