项目导向型供应链跨组织知识流驱动项目价值增值的内在机制

The cross-organizational knowledge flow within project-based supply chain is a knowledge-centered resource portfolio, and a value implementation approach of interaction among the project-based organizations, which is closely related to the project value-adding. Firstly, based on construction project work breakdown structure, this research establishes a multi- hierarchy knowledge breakdown structure combined with project whole life cycle, and constructs a cooperativity model for project-based supply chain cross-organizational knowledge flow and work flow to anayze how to realize continous knowledge flow. Focused on the connotation of project value-adding which caused by the construction project inherent features, a coordination decision-making model for project-based supply chain cross-organizational knowledge and project value-adding is constructed by applying the systematic dynamics theory and application process theory, revealing the action mechanism between them. Secondly, the large-scale investment construction project supply chain is selected as empirical study object, and the structural equation model is applied to analyze and verify the inter-relation between knowledge flow and project value-adding based on sufficient sample survey datasets. Lastly, compared the conclusion of the theoretical model with empirical survey, the security strategies are proposed and analyzed based on project-based supply chain cross-organizational knowledge flow, which aims to achieve the project value-adding. According to the evidence-based research method, the primary purpose of this research is to explore the intrinsic mechanism between project-based supply chain cross-organizational knowledge flow and project value-adding, which enriches the theory and methodology of construction project knowledge management. The findings of this research will help to strengthen construction project management performance, improve the construction project operation environment and promote project value-adding, providing a reliable theoretical guidance and decision-making support to improve project value-adding.

项目导向型供应链跨组织知识流是一种以知识为核心的资源组合，是项目型组织交互作用的价值实现方式，与项目价值增值紧密相关。本研究基于工作分解结构，结合建设项目全生命周期建立多层级的知识分解结构，构建项目导向型供应链跨组织知识流和工作流协同模型，探寻合作创新过程中知识流与项目价值增值的关系。同时，凸显项目价值增值的内涵，构建项目导向型供应链跨组织知识流与项目价值增值协调决策模型，揭示知识流通过合作创新实现项目价值增值的作用机理。然后,以大型投资工程项目供应链为调研对象，构建知识流与项目价值增值的结构方程模型进行实证研究。最后，通过理论模型分析与实证结论的比较研究，探寻面向合作创新的项目导向型供应链跨组织知识流的实施策略，以保障项目价值增值的实现。本研究创造性地通过合作创新探究知识流驱动项目价值增值的内在机制，将丰富和完善项目知识管理的理论和方法体系，有助于提高工程项目管理绩效和实现项目价值增值。

本课题将项目导向型供应链跨组织知识流视为项目型组织之间交互作用的价值实现方式，将直接或间接地影响项目价值增值的实现。基于此，结合建设项目全生命周期及工作分解结构，构建了项目导向型供应链跨组织知识流与工作流协同模型，发现伴随项目全生命周期的演化，持续有效地知识流有利于实现项目价值增值；同时，构建项目导向型供应链跨组织知识流与项目价值增值协调决策模型，发现知识流对价值增值的影响是一种非线性交互作用，在这个过程中项目型组织之间合作创新行为对项目价值增值具有直接的影响；另外，考察了不同项目型组织行为选择、偏好等对项目价值增值的影响，发现收益分享能够促进项目型组织之间的协同效应，从而加强项目型组织之间的合作程度；但加强项目型组织之间的合作程度，能够提高彼此的努力水平，改善双方的净收益，并不意味着能够避免项目型组织的道德风险行为；此外，项目型组织的互惠性偏好未必能够促进项目型组织的合作，但能够加强项目价值增值的实现；若处于主导地位的项目型组织通过调整奖励和惩罚力度等措施，能够促进项目型组织更好地分享知识；考虑建设项目多目标属性，发现声誉激励不仅可有效实现项目价值增值的最大化，而且可实现合作双方净收益的帕累托改善；考虑目标相对重要性均衡，项目型组织能够以较低的激励强度促使项目控制目标的实现。然后，选取合作主体、项目属性、知识流属性表征组织间知识流，以合作创新为中介变量构建项目导向型供应链跨组织知识流对项目价值增值影响的理论模型，并运用结构方程模型进行实证检验，结果表明：知识流与合作创新、项目价值增值显著正相关；流程创新、组织创新对项目价值增值具有显著的正向影响，但任务创新的影响并不显著；合作创新对知识流影响项目价值增值存在部分中介效应。因此，在工程项目实施过程中，必须建立项目型组织之间的信任和沟通机制，以促进项目型组织之间的知识交互，加强项目型组织之间的合作创新，实现项目价值增值。