再生丝胶蛋白质纤维的设计制备

To solve the basic issue of new textile fiber regeneration, the project study the preparation and properties of textile material in the cross point of macro-molecule and textile engineering using electrostatic spinning technology. The sericin waste resource is used to design and prepare regenerated new fiber material of sericin protein. The study includes the following three aspects: (1) A new method for environment friendly ionic liquid recycling sericin is established, and the effect of ionic liquid cations and anions structures and different alkyl side chain of ionic liquid on the adsorption of sericin is studied, the mechanism of sericin purification is analysized for solving the problems of traditional sericin purification and extraction refining method. As a result, the sericin material used spinning is obtained. (2) A novel environment friendly organic acid / sericin electrostatic spinning system is prepared, and the relationship between the spinning of sericin solution properties is discussed. (3) The sericin nanofibers is prepared, and the effect mechanism of spinning solution properties and process factors on the structure and properties of sericin fibres are illuminated, then the rules of swining unstable spinning and jet strems radius change in electrospinning process are indicated, the developed sericin solution electrospinning technological theory of the regenerated sericin fiber nanomaterial is established at last. This study will lay the theoretical foundation for developing the new material of the regenerated sericin protein fiber having its own intellectual rights.

本项目采用静电纺丝技术，在高分子材料与纺织工程学科的交叉点——纺织材料制备与性能方面展开研究，解决纺织纤维新材料再生的基本问题。本项目利用蚕丝精练的丝胶废物资源，设计制备再生丝胶蛋白质纤维新材料。研究内容包括以下三个方面：一是建立环境友好型离子液体回收丝胶新方法，探索阴、阳离子结构及不同烷基侧链离子液体对蚕丝丝胶吸附的影响，研究丝胶纯化机制，解决传统精练方法中丝胶纯化和提取难题，得到纺丝用丝胶蛋白材料；二是制备新型环境友好型有机酸/丝胶静电纺丝体系，研究丝胶纺丝溶液特性与可纺性的关系；三是制备丝胶纳米纤维，阐明纺丝液特性和工艺因素对丝胶纤维结构和性能的影响机制，揭示螺旋摆非稳定性、喷射流半径变化规律，构建发展的丝胶静电纺丝工艺理论，为发展拥有自主知识产权的丝胶再生纤维新材料奠定理论基础。

丝胶是从蚕丝精练的废水中获得的宝贵蛋白质资源，具有优良的生物相容性和保健功能性。本项目针对丝胶在废水中的提取及纳米纤维的设计制备进行了系统研究，获得了再生丝胶蛋白纳米复合纤维新材料。具体完成了以下三个方面的研究内容：一是合成并采用羟基化咪唑基离子液体铁金属配合物与天然产物壳聚糖对废水中的丝胶蛋白进行吸附研究，获得了绿色吸附丝胶的新方法，并可直接用于再生丝胶纺丝溶液体系的制备，克服了传统精练方法中丝胶纯化和提取的瓶颈，得到了可用于静电纺丝的丝胶蛋白材料；二是制备了新型环境友好型有机酸/丝胶静电纺丝体系，建立了再生丝胶纺丝溶液特性与可纺性的关系机制，为丝胶再生纤维的绿色制备奠定了基础；三是制备了再生丝胶复合纳米纤维，探明了纺丝过程参数对静电纺纤维的影响。在此基础上，采用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-碳化二亚胺和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺复合交联剂对再生丝胶复合纤维进行了化学交联，降低了热水溶失，提高了热性能。本研究阐明了纺丝液特性和丝胶纤维结构和性能的影响机制，揭示了丝胶再生复合纤维结构与性能变化规律，为丝胶再生复合纤维新材料的后续应用和改进提供基础数据和理论指导。